“…It can be found that when the heat treatment temperature increases, the upconversion intensity first rises, then it reduces as the temperature rises further, and the sample GC600 exhibits the highest upconversion luminescence intensity; this phenomenon is explained as follows: at the beginning, as the temperature rises, the size and quantity of crystals increase, and the proportion of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ incorporated into the lattice also increases, so the upconversion luminescence is enhanced. However, with the further increase of temperature, the scattering of upconversion luminescence at the phase boundary increases, 20 or the concentration quenching occurs due to the enrichment of Er 3+ in the crystal, 21 resulting in a decrease in the intensity of upconversion luminescence. In addition, the upconversion fluorescence spectra of the glass ceramics exhibits a Stark effect at 540 nm and 650 nm that is not presented in the precursor glass, which is due to the energy level splitting phenomenon caused by the crystal field around Er 3+ .…”