Preparation, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Various Chitosan Nanoparticles

Abstract

Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) without drug loading have diverse biological activity. In this study, we prepared CS-NPs, CS-NPs solidified by different amount of glutaraldehyde, and CS-NPs modified with either biotin (B-CS-NPs) or biotin and avidin (A-B-CS-NPs) and examined their cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. The morphology and size were measured by transmission electron microscopy and photon correction spectroscopy, respectively. The extent of solidification was validated by the approach of sonication. Biotin connect density on the surface of B-CS-NPs and A-B-CS-NPs was determined by biotin assay kit. The results showed that most of the NPs were round and their mean sizes were all below 300 nm. Biotin connect density of B-CS-NPs and A-B-CS-NPs was 2.18 ± 0.36 and 1.26 ± 0.11 mol biotin/mol CS, respectively. At relatively low concentration, CS-NPs with higher extent of solidification exhibited more vigorous inhibitory effect against HepG2 cells than those without solidification. When NPs were incubated with cancer cells for 48 h, compared with CS-NPs, the anticancer activity of B-CS-NPs and A-B-CS-NPs was enhanced significantly(P<0.05). In addition, A-B-CS-NPs showed superior cytotoxicity over B-CS-NPs. This study demonstrates that modification with biotin and avidin may be an efficient way in improving antitumor activity of CS-NPs against hepatic carcinoma.

Cytotoxic and cytostatic side effects of chitosan nanoparticles as a non-viral gene carrier

“…mouse hematopoietic stem cells (Omar Zaki et al, 2015), human respiratory epithelial cells (Grenha et al, 2007), human epithelial liver cells (Yang et al, 2014), mouse epithelial-like cells (Ragelle et al, 2014), mouse fibroblast colon cells (Hallaj-Nezhadi et al, 2011), human mesenchymal stem cells (Corsi et al, 2003) and human embryonic kidney cells (Corsi et al, 2003;Zhou et al, 2015). On the other hand, only a few reports have shown an inhibition in metabolic activity caused by CNs-pDNA treatment (Wimardhani et al, 2014;Yao et al, 2013). Interestingly, in our study, THP-1 monocytic metabolic activity was reduced.…”

Size-controlled chitosan nanoparticles prepared using ionotropic gelation

“…By comparing the XRD peaks, it can be seen clearly that the peaks in intensity of the chitosan nanoparticles are lower than that of the chitosan powder. Besides being due to the refining of particle size, the decrease in peak intensity also indicates the occurrence of the cross-linking between chitosan and STPP, which results in modifications to the molecular arrangement of the crystal lattices [24,26,27].…”

The Effect of Chitosan and Propolis Irrigation on Root Dentin Microhardness

“…It also presents low cost, in addition to a high chelating capacity for different metallic ions (13) . Due to these properties, chitosan was used for treatment of dentinal tubule infection, in cases of direct pulp capping (15) and in tissue regeneration in pulp wounds (16) . Chitosan was shown to remove the smear layer when used as root canal irrigation (17,18) During irrigation, both coronal and radicular dentin is exposed to chemical solutions that might affect the structural properties of dentin, such as microhardness, permeability, and solubility, which are capable of altering the proportion of organic and inorganic components (19) .…”