Preparation, Characterization and in Vivo Antimycobacterial Studies of Panchovillin-Chitosan Nanocomposites

Abstract

Chitosan (CS, molecular weight 20.2 kDa, degree of deacylation (DD) 73.31%) was successfully obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) shell wastes. The encapsulation of the bioactive natural product, panchovillin (PANV), isolated from Erythrina schliebenii, on a chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nano-framework was achieved by ionotropic gelation. Characterization of pure CS, CS/TPP and PANV-CS/TPP nanocomposites was performed by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The molecular weight of chitosan and the thermal stability of the materials were determined by MALDI-TOF-MS and simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA)/DTG, respectively. The respective encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the PANV were found to be 70% and 0.36%. The in vitro release studies showed an initial burst of 42% of PANV in the first six hours. This was followed by a slow and sustained release up to 72 h. The in vivo antimycobacterial activities of both PANV and PANV-CS/TPP nanocomposite against Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) using Galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo infection model are reported in this paper.

Galleria mellonella - a novel infection model for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

“…Furthermore D. melanogaster has been used as an infection model for M. abscessus and M. marinum , particularly to study the pathogenesis and metabolic consequences of mycobacterial infection [38–41]. The larvae of G. mellonella have been widely used to study host-pathogen interactions for a range of microbes, including fungi, bacteria and viruses [11–13,42–45], but little has been reported using mycobacteria [35,46–48], for which new in vivo infection models are greatly needed. Here we have demonstrated that this simple invertebrate model shows promise as a novel infection model for the M. tuberculosis complex.…”

Improving the Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Carbon Cloth Via a Hybrid Approach of Cross-Linked Chitosan/TPP Matrices with Na Polymers for High-Performance Self-Pumping Enzyme-Based Biofuel Cells

“…To understand the effect of a scaffold structure on the immobilized GOx, the chemical structures of [CS/TPP]­CC, [CS/Na]­CC, and [CS/TPP/Na]­CC before and after immobilizing GOx were analyzed by FTIR, as shown in Figure . For the electrodes before the immobilization of GOx, the broad peaks at 3432 cm –1 and the peaks at around 2900 cm –1 belong to the O–H bonds and C–H stretching of the CS, respectively. , In addition, the C–O–C asymmetric bond from 1061 to 1107 cm –1 and the CO double bond at 1643 cm –1 were also observed for the CS. For the electrodes after the immobilization of GOx, the FTIR peaks between 860 and 1100 cm –1 observed in GOx­[CS/TPP]­CC (blue line of Figure a), GOx­[CS/Na]­CC (orange line of Figure b), and GOx­[CS/TPP/Na]­CC (red line of Figure c) can be attributed to the phosphate buffer in the enzyme solution .…”

Transposon mutagenesis in Mycobacterium kansasii links a small RNA gene to colony morphology and biofilm formation and identifies 9,885 intragenic insertions that do not compromise colony outgrowth

“…The GM larva has emerged as a simple and economical invertebrate model host to evaluate virulence of microbial pathogens and efficacy of antimicrobial compounds (Tsai, Loh, & Proft, 2016). Recent studies have validated the use of this model with mycobacteria and shown that larva lethality is species-dependent (Entwistle & Coote, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Meir, Grosfeld, & Barkan, 2018;Rwegasila, Mubofu, Nyandoro, Erasto, & Munissi, 2016).…”