Preparation, characterization and long-term antibacterial activity of nisin anchored magnetic cellulose beads

Magnetic cellulose: does extending cellulose versatility with magnetic functionality facilitate its use in devices?

“…In situ incorporation Ex situ incorporation Iron oxide Co-precipitation in cellulose matrix: cellulose suspension, 47,48,51 cellulose solution 49,50,[56][57][58] Preformed particles: added to cellulose solution; 49,[52][53][54][55][59][60][61][62] surface modification of cellulose prior; 63 using a retention aid 71 Hydrothermal methods 68…”

“…51 The co-precipitation has been mostly performed in a matrix of various cellulose material hierarchies (Table 1), thereby producing hybrid particles comprising organic cellulose and inorganic iron oxide phases. The same method has been applied to produce magnetic cellulose in solution by first dissolving the cellulose in, for example, NaOH/urea at low temperature and combining the cellulose solution with pre-formed magnetic particles [52][53][54][55] or dropwise addition of a solution of FeCl 3 and FeCl 2 into the solution. 56,57 Cellulose xanthate, that is a soluble intermediate in viscose production and can be regenerated to cellulose, was functionalized with iron oxide particles by adding premade particles as well as in a one-step synthesis by adding an iron source into the xanthate solution.…”