Preparation, characterization, and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming of polystyrene/graphene oxide composites

Yang, Jintao; Wu, Minjie; Chen, Feng; Fei, Zhengdong; Zhong, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2010.12.014

Cited by 147 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Polycarbonate (Lexan-123R-PC), supplied by Sabic in the form of pellets, with a density of 1.2 g/cm 3 and melt flow index (MFI) of 17.5 dg/min, measured at 300 ºC and 1.2 kg, was meltcompounded with 0.5 and 5 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) using a Brabender Plasti-Corder static mixer. The graphene nanoplatelets used in this study (xGnP-M-15) were supplied by XG Sciences, Inc.…”

Section: Compounding and Moulding Of Foam Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The graphene nanoplatelets used in this study (xGnP-M-15) were supplied by XG Sciences, Inc. These nanoplatelets were 6 to 8 nm thick with a 15 m average diameter and a density of 2.2 g/cm 3 , as reported by the manufacturer. The graphene-filled PC composites were prepared by placing the previously physically mixed components inside the Brabender mixer for 2 min at 180 ºC using a constant rotating screw speed of 30 rpm.…”

Section: Compounding and Moulding Of Foam Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene-filled polymer foams have recently aroused a great interest in the scientific and industry communities [1][2][3][4], as the incorporation of graphene can dramatically enhance the electrical, physical, mechanical and barrier properties of polymers at extremely low loadings and, as a consequence, extend their potential applications to fields such as electronics, aerospace, automotive, green energy, among others [5]. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) dissolved into a given polymer has become one of the most common strategies used to prepare graphene-filled polymer foams [2][3][4]6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) dissolved into a given polymer has become one of the most common strategies used to prepare graphene-filled polymer foams [2][3][4]6]. Carbon dioxide acts as polymer plasticizer, decreasing its glass transition temperature and facilitating expansion due to decreased polymer viscosity [7], in some cases even leading to cell coalescence and as a result to a decrease in cell density [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the morphology of polycarbonate–graphene composite foams prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide two-step foaming

Gedler

Antunes

Velasco

2015

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

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Abstract. Low density polycarbonate foams containing different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets with variable cellular morphologies were prepared using a supercritical carbon dioxide two-step foaming process, which consisted of the dissolution of supercritical CO 2 into moulded foam precursors and their later expansion by double contact restricted foaming. The effects of the processing conditions and graphene content on the cellular morphology of the obtained foams were investigated, showing that the addition of increasingly higher amounts of graphene nanoplatelets resulted in foams with increasingly smaller cell sizes and higher cell densities, due on the one hand to their effectiveness as cell nucleating agents and on the other to their platelet-like geometry, which limited CO 2 loss during foaming due to a barrier effect mechanism. Especially significant was the addition of 5 wt% graphene nanoplatelets, as the high concentration of graphene limited CO 2 escape and cell coalescence during expansion, enabling to obtain highly expanded microcellular foams.Keywords: polycarbonate foams, graphene nanoplatelets, supercritical carbon dioxide, two-step foaming.Page 2 of 24 2 IntroductionGraphene-filled polymer foams have recently aroused a great interest in the scientific and industry communities [1][2][3][4], as the incorporation of graphene can dramatically enhance the electrical, physical, mechanical and barrier properties of polymers at extremely low loadings and, as a consequence, extend their potential applications to fields such as electronics, aerospace, automotive, green energy, among others [5]. The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) dissolved into a given polymer has become one of the most common strategies used to prepare graphene-filled polymer foams [2][3][4]6]. Carbon dioxide acts as polymer plasticizer, decreasing its glass transition temperature and facilitating expansion due to decreased polymer viscosity [7], in some cases even leading to cell coalescence and as a result to a decrease in cell density [8]. Thus, foaming processing conditions play an essential role in the final morphological/microstructural characteristics of the resulting foams. On the other hand, several studies have indicated that a small amount of well-dispersed nanoparticles can act as cell nucleation sites and that nucleation efficiency is dependent on particle size, shape, surface properties and dispersion quality [2,4,9]. In addition, it has been shown that the combination of graphene nanoplatelets and scCO 2 during foaming may have remarkable effects on the microstructure of the developed foams [10].It is known that polymer foaming using carbon dioxide in supercritical conditions can be done in one [11][12] Experimental Compounding and moulding of foam precursorsPolycarbonate (Lexan-123R-PC), supplied by Sabic in the form of pellets, with a density of 1.2 g/cm 3 and melt flow index (MFI) of 17.5 dg/min, measured at 300 ºC and 1.2 kg, was meltcompounded with 0.5 and 5 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) using a B...

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Section: Compounding and Moulding Of Foam Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compounding and Moulding Of Foam Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the morphology of polycarbonate–graphene composite foams prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide two-step foaming

Gedler

Antunes

Velasco

2015

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

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“…It is difficult to apply on a large scale due to its poor dispersion in polymer matrixes. Therefore, it is necessary to functionalize it to change the surface energy of the graphene and thus solving the aggregation of graphene sheets in the composite [103,104]. Up to now, the mostly utilized procedure to modify graphene is firstly disposing it with strong oxidizers to obtain GO and then reducing it back to RGO after the composting process [105][106][107].…”

Section: Metal Conductive Particles As Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyarylene Ether Nitrile-Based High-k Composites for Dielectric Applications

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Flexible polymer-based composites exhibiting high dielectric constant as well as low dielectric loss have been intensively investigated for their potential utilization in electronics and electricity industry and energy storage. Resulting from the polar -CN on the side chain, polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) shows relatively high dielectric constant which has been extensively investigated as one of the hot spots as dielectric materials. However, the dielectric constant of PEN is still much lower than the ceramic dielectrics such as BaTiO 3 , TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 . In this review, recent and in-progress advancements in the designing and preparing strategies to obtain high-k PEN-based nanocomposites are summarized. According to the types of the added fillers, the effects of organic fillers, dielectric ceramic fillers, and conductive fillers on electric properties of PEN-based composites are investigated. In addition, other factors including the structures and sizes of the additive, the compatibility between the additive agent and the PEN, and the interface which affects the dielectric properties of the obtained composite materials are investigated. Finally, challenges facing in the design of more effective strategies for the high-k PEN-based dielectric materials are discussed.

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Prospects of Supercritical Fluids in Realizing Graphene‐Based Functional Materials

2016

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Supercritical-fluids science and technology predate all the approaches that are currently established for graphene production by several decades in advanced materials design. However, it has only recently been proposed as a plausible approach for graphene processing. Since then, supercritical fluids have emerged into contention as an alternative to existing technologies because of their scalability and versatility in processing graphene materials, which include composites, aerogels, and foams. Here, an overview is presented of such materials prepared through supercritical fluids from an advanced materials science standpoint, with a discussion on their fundamental properties and technological applications. The benefits of supercritical-fluid processing over conventional liquid-phase processing are presented. The benefits include not only better performances for advanced applications but also environmental issues associated with the synthesis process. Nevertheless, the limitations of supercritical-fluid processing are also stressed, along with challenges that are still faced toward the achievement of the great expectations from graphene materials.

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Preparation, characterization, and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming of polystyrene/graphene oxide composites

Cited by 147 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the morphology of polycarbonate–graphene composite foams prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide two-step foaming

Effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the morphology of polycarbonate–graphene composite foams prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide two-step foaming

Polyarylene Ether Nitrile-Based High-k Composites for Dielectric Applications

Prospects of Supercritical Fluids in Realizing Graphene‐Based Functional Materials

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