Preparation, Functionalization, Modification, and Applications of Nanostructured Gold: A Critical Review

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) play a significant role in science and technology because of their unique size, shape, properties and broad range of potential applications. This review focuses on the various approaches employed for the synthesis, modification and functionalization of nanostructured Au. The potential catalytic applications and their enhancement upon modification of Au nanostructures have also been discussed in detail. The present analysis also offers brief summaries of the major Au nanomaterials synthetic procedures, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, direct oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, sonochemical deposition, electrochemical deposition, microwave and laser pyrolysis. Among the various strategies used for improving the catalytic performance of nanostructured Au, the modification and functionalization of nanostructured Au produced better results. Therefore, various synthesis, modification and functionalization methods employed for better catalytic outcomes of nanostructured Au have been summarized in this review.

Synthesis, Chemical–Physical Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Functional Gold Nanoparticles: A Review

“…Fullerene has been commonly used for the synthesis of composite materials due to its mechanical, spectral, and structural properties. In many research works, different thiolated fullerenes with alkyl chains have been employed to stabilize AuNPs and tested for electrochemical or photoelectric applications [ 144 ]. Carbon nanotubes and AuNP composites are highly favorable for diverse applications, such as optics, electronics, biosensors, and catalysis [ 145 ].…”

Plasmon Assisted Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalytic CO2 Reduction Over the Noble Metal Decorated Sr-Incorporated g-C3N4

“…Thus, employing the SPR effect, noble metal nanoparticles deposition is another viable option as a modifier for semiconductors to extend their visible light response for efficient photocatalysis. In addition, the noble metal nanoparticles have strong resistance to corrosion and oxidation under moist condition [33,34].…”

Bismuth-Graphene Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanisms, and Photocatalytic Applications—A Review

“…Therefore, BiPO4/rGO nanocomposite, a novel PEC sensor platform, can offer a delicate approach in chlorpyrifos detection and the resulting BiPO4/rGO nanocomposite is a potentially active catalyst for the PEC-related applications (Figure 13) [182]. In the modern nanotechnology field, considerable attention has been given to an architecture-controlled combination of nanomaterials because of their astonishing chemical and physical properties and promising applications in different fields, e.g., optics, electronics, catalysis, and so on [290,291]. Similarly, using innovative configurations with implanted graphene for a broad surface, long electron life can be supported by other photonic devices such as solar cells and non-photonic devices, like lithium batteries and biochemical sensors.…”

“…Graphene sheets tend to form aggregates in solution due to hydrogen bonding or strong van der Waals force interactions in polar solvents. Chemical functionalization [291,296] and electrostatic stabilization [297] are used to avoid this aggregation. Graphene reduction using simple methods facilitates graphene applications to synthesize composite materials in cost-effective, scalable approaches with low cost of production [167,298].…”