Preparation, Kinetics, and Adsorption Mechanism Study of Microcrystalline Cellulose-Modified Bone Char as an Efficient Pb (II) Adsorbent

An Amberlite IRA-400 Cl− ion-exchange resin modified with Prosopis juliflora seeds as an efficient Pb2+ adsorbent: adsorption, kinetics, thermodynamics, and computational modeling studies by density functional theory

“…The q max value was found to be highest at 298 K, with a value of 106.5 mg g À1 . Based on the existing literature, the q max value of SMA resin is much better than other adsorbents, like Amberlite 400 Cl form (32.49 mg g À1 ), hazelnut husk (13.05 mg g À1 ), 33 tamarind wood (43.8 mg g À1 ), 34 cellulose-modied bone char (89.9 mg g À1 ), 35 palm-oil mill effluent (94.34 mg g À1 ), 36 polyaniline-coated PJ seeds (90.91 mg g À1 ), 37 ARASA (270.2 mg g À1 ), 38 modied Aloji clay (142.57 mg g À1 ), 39 and sludge-based bio-char (16.70 and 49.47 mg g À1 ). 40 The q max value decreases with an increase in temperature up to 328 K, but there is a value of 105.6 mg g À1 at 338 K, showing a sudden increase at that temperature.…”

Pb(II) Adsorption Properties of a Three-Dimensional Porous Bacterial Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Composite Hydrogel Subjected to Ultrasonic Treatment

“…The kinetic model is an important research approach for studying the adsorption process. In order to study the adsorption behavior of adsorbents of Pb(II), two kinetic models (a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model) were used to fit the experimental data [41]. The following equations are used.…”

Adsorbent Minimization for Removal of Ibuprofen from Water in a Two-Stage Batch Process

“…R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature; B DR is a constant depending on, ε, the mean free energy of sorption per adsorbate molecule transferred to the surface of the solid from infinity in the solution. The free energy is evaluated using Equation (15), and B DR is obtained by rearranging Equation (19):…”

“…The high membrane fouling potential due to the presence of organic matter is another drawback of using membrane technologies [12]. Adsorption is another efficient treatment process that can remove organic contaminants and does not produce any toxic by-products [13][14][15].…”