“…There are several key requirements for selecting the top refractory oxides, including good tolerance to harsh environments, thermal expansion match with the interlayer and the substrate materials, good phase stability at high temperature, low thermal conductivity, and so on [12,15,16,17]. Particularly, cuspidine-type rare-earth aluminates RE4Al2O9 are a class of ceramics that have been considered as potential materials for EBCs of silicon-based ceramics owing to their high melting point, low Young's modulus, good damage tolerance, close thermal expansion coefficients to that of mullite, low thermal conductivity and good resistance to hot gas atmosphere [16,18,19,20,21]. However, one major weakness of RE4Al2O9 compounds for EBC application is the high-temperature phase transition with a sudden change in volume, which can lead to cracking of the coatings in thermal cycling [22,23,24,25].…”