Preparation of a novel lignin-based flame retardant for epoxy resin

Liang, Dingxiang; Zhu, Xiaojun; Dai, Peng; Lu, Xinyu; Guo, Haoquan; Que, Han; Wang, Dandan; He, Tao; Xu, Chengyun; Robin, Hossain Mahmud; Luo, Zhenyang; Gu, Xiaoli

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.124101

Cited by 74 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…FTIR spectra of the pyrolysis gas for EP/30%AHP and EP/30%MSiAHP composites at different temperatures are illustrated in Figure 12(c). As can be observed, the main thermal degradation temperature of EP/30%MSiAHP is posterior to that of EP/30%AHP, which indicating that the existence of MSiAHP is more conducive to delaying the thermal decomposition of the EP matrix than AHP 45–48 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Chen

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To develop the functional particles with better flame‐retardant and compatibility with epoxy resin (EP) matrix, organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite (MSiAHP) was prepared by situ polymerization. The water contact angles of MSiAHP (62.4°) is significantly larger than that of aluminum hypophosphite (34.4°), which shows that the organic shell material of MSiAHP endows excellent hydrophobicity and water resistance. With the incorporation of MSiAHP, EP/30%MSiAHP composite exhibits limiting oxygen index value of 27.3% and V‐0 rating. Furthermore, the cone calorimetry test reveals that MSiAHP reduces the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke release of EP matrix by 33.3%, 24.4% and 56.6%, respectively. Besides, due to the unique organic–inorganic double‐shell structure of MSiAHP particles, EP/30%MSiAHP composite achieves greater thermal stability and higher char yields than pure EP. The investigation of the products in the gas and condensed phase demonstrates that MSiAHP is beneficial to the generation of a high‐density and compact carbon layer structure with a high graphitization degree, and delay the generation time of pyrolysis products in the gas phase, which can improve the fire safety of EP composites effectively. Furthermore, preeminent dispersion and compatibility of MSiAHP lead to EP/MSiAHP composites with excellent mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Chen

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Lignin can be added to the poly propylene (PP) matrix to act as an FR and toughening agent [ 90 ]. The use of alkali lignin (AL) in epoxy resins did not demonstrate a good FR in a study [ 91 ] since the carbon supply is solely in AL. The application of lignin as an FR in polymer composites is still falling short of industrial standards, such as its high LOI value > 28%.…”

Section: Flammability Of Biocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

et al. 2022

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Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers represent an eco-friendly and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials and have been increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications due to their numerous advantages, such as their good mechanical properties, low production costs, renewability, and biodegradability. However, these engineered composite materials have inherent downsides, such as their increased flammability when subjected to heat flux or flame initiators, which can limit their range of applications. As a result, certain attempts are still being made to reduce the flammability of biocomposites. The combustion of biobased composites can potentially create life-threatening conditions in buildings, resulting in substantial human and material losses. Additives known as flame-retardants (FRs) have been commonly used to improve the fire protection of wood and biocomposite materials, textiles, and other fields for the purpose of widening their application areas. At present, this practice is very common in the construction sector due to stringent fire safety regulations on residential and public buildings. The aim of this study was to present and discuss recent advances in the development of fire-resistant biocomposites. The flammability of wood and natural fibers as material resources to produce biocomposites was researched to build a holistic picture. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as an eco-friendly and low-cost FR additive to produce high-performance biocomposites with improved technological and fire properties was also discussed in detail. The development of sustainable FR systems, based on renewable raw materials, represents a viable and promising approach to manufacturing biocomposites with improved fire resistance, lower environmental footprint, and enhanced health and safety performance.

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“…The second degradation occurs smoothly at 400 C, and the char residue of 52% at this instance is higher than that of pure lignin. 38 Even though the difference is not significant, the largest amount of char residue is obtained for lignin that underwent phosphorylation for 24 h. Based on these results, it has been verified that the modified lignin is advantageous for the thermal stability of flame-retardant composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of phosphorylated lignin on flame retardancy of polypropylene‐based composites

Lee

Jang

Yang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polypropylene (PP) is a synthetic polymer with excellent physical properties useful for various industries. However, its flammability in air limits its applications. In the present work, lignin filler was modified by phosphorylation, and characterized through chemical, structural, thermal, and morphological analyses. The resultant products were incorporated into PP to increase the flame retardancy of PP-based composites. Although, the mechanical properties of the PP composites containing 30 wt% filler deteriorated, the tensile strength was maintained. An addition of phosphorylated lignin (pL) into PP decreased the heat release rate from 1136.5 to 777.2 kW/m 2 and the total smoke release from 25.1 to 9.6 m 2 /m 2 . Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images of the pL incorporated composites after the combustion test revealed that the solid char formed on the composites acted as a protective layer for PP. Thus, incorporating pL into PP is a feasible approach for improving its flame retardancy.

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Preparation of a novel lignin-based flame retardant for epoxy resin

Cited by 74 publications

References 53 publications

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Preparation of the organic–inorganic double‐shell microencapsulated aluminum hypophosphite and its improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites

Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

Effect of phosphorylated lignin on flame retardancy of polypropylene‐based composites

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