Preparation of a porous biochar from the acid activation of pork bones

Iriarte‐Velasco, Unai; Sierra, Irene; Zudaire, Lorena; Ayastuy, J.L.

doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2016.03.003

Cited by 77 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Microporosity of H 2 SO 4 activated biochar derived by pork bones increased by 263%, and the maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue reached 61.3 mg g À1 , which was nearly 3 times of that of unactivated biochar. 10 It is noteworthy that many studies have shown that mesopores seem to be more suitable for adsorption of organic pollutants. In the study of the relationship between pore development and biochar adsorption properties, it was found that the adsorption capacity was mainly determined by biochar mesopores (1.7-50 nm) rather than its total area, and most micropores in biochar were not accessible to most nanoscale organic molecules.…”

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and adsorption characteristics of potassium carbonate activated biochar

et al. 2018

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Potassium carbonate activated biochar (450 C, 600 C and 750 C) and nonactivated biochar (600 C)were prepared by using corn stalk as the raw material. These biochar samples were labeled as KBC450, KBC600, KBC750 and BC600. The physical and chemical properties of the biochar were strongly influenced by the activation of potassium carbonate. After activation with potassium carbonate, the aromatic, hydrophobic and non-polar properties of the biochar were enhanced to form an aromatized non-polar surface, and the aromatic properties were enhanced with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature. The outside surface of the activated biochar was similar to that of porous sponge with a mesoporous-microporous composite structure inside. The specific surface area of KBC600 was 5 times that of BC600, and KBC750 had a maximum surface area of 815 m 2 g À1 . Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of KBC for naphthalene increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The adsorption capacity of the biochar for naphthalene showed a significant positive correlation with O/C and (O + N)/C. KBC750 with the strongest surface hydrophobicity and the largest specific surface area had the largest adsorption capacity of 130.7 mg g À1. Physical adsorption and p-p EDA were the main adsorption mechanisms.

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Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and adsorption characteristics of potassium carbonate activated biochar

et al. 2018

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“…are responsible for the grayish black appearance [50]. Above 600 °C, the degraded carbon sitting over HAp mineral cannot sustain its bonding and oxidizes to CO2 and H2O, therefore the powder samples calcined at 800 °C or 1000 °C are white in color [6]. The phase variations due to chemical changes at varied temperatures (30 °C, 600 °C, and 1000 °C) is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, meat processing industries are producing enormous volumes of skin, bones, skull, feet, and entrails on a daily basis [5]. Unfortunately, the traditional methods of bio-waste disposals are no longer acceptable, for example previously tons of crushed bones were consumed as cattle feed, but this practice is now outlawed due to an increased risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy disease [6]. In short, environmental researchers are looking for strategies to dispose wastes properly and if possible to convert them into useful products [7 -9].…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications

Khan

Ahmed

Syed

et al. 2019

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In this study the authors investigated the effect of alkali (Ca(OH)2) and heat treatment on the physico-chemical properties of bovine bone powder. For this purpose, raw and alkali treated samples were heated separately at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. A combination of characterization techniques, such as TGA, XRD, N2-adsorbtion isotherms, and EDX were used. It was found that the boiling of cleaned solid pieces of bones in 2 molar Ca(OH)2 solution results in a mass loss of about 10 % (mainly discards oily liquid). TGA analysis affirms that the hydrocarbons of bone matrix are partially extractable (~ 10 %) in the boiling alkaline solution. The color of raw and treated bone samples remained similar, that is changing from yellowish white to grayish black before turning into white over temperatures ranging from 30 °C (room temperature), 400 – 600 °C, and 800 – 1000 °C, respectively. Moreover, XRD signatures were also comparable at unified temperature ranges, however, it was noted that carbonization due to heating engenders a significant change in the intensities of the x-ray reflections. Despite of having similarities, surface area of raw and treated bones at 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C were found to be different, indicative of a chemical interactions of calcium ions with bone. Quite interestingly, TGA, XRD, and N2-adsorbtion isotherms support the argument that a limited amount of calcium ions diffuses into the vacancies or interstitial sites of bone lattice. Furthermore, EDX analysis of the samples calcined at 1000 °C confirms that the Ca(OH)2 treatment increases the total calcium content of hydroxylapatite (inorganic part of bone matrix).

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“…The increase of porosity and the development of micropores (0-2 nm) and mesopores (2-50 mn) that will increase the adsorption capacity of biochars can be accomplished through activation. Another issue that needs to be considered is potential blocking of pores as a result of mineralogical transformations occurring during pyrolysis or due to competition of ions present in solution [74][75][76].…”

Section: Adsorption Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Scandium and Neodymium on Biochar Derived after Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Sawdust

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption of two rare earth elements (REEs), namely scandium (Sc) and neodymium (Nd), on biochar produced after low temperature pyrolysis (350 • C) of wood sawdust. The biochar was characterized with the use of several analytical techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, while the pH at point of zero charge (pH PZC ) was also determined. The experimental conditions were: absorbent concentration 1-10 g·L −1 , REE concentration in solution 20 mg·L −1 , contact time for equilibrium 24 h, temperature 25 • C and stirring speed 350 rpm. The efficiency of biochar was compared to that of a commercial activated carbon. Geochemical modelling was carried out to determine speciation of Nd and Sc species in aqueous solutions using PHREEQC-3 equipped with the llnl database. The experimental results indicated the potential of low temperature produced biochar, even though inferior to that of activated carbon, to adsorb efficiently both REEs. The equilibrium adsorption data were very well fitted into the Freundlich isotherm model, while kinetic data suggested that the removal of both REEs follows the pseudo-second order kinetic reaction. Finally, the most probable adsorption mechanisms are discussed.

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Preparation of a porous biochar from the acid activation of pork bones

Cited by 77 publications

References 34 publications

Structural and adsorption characteristics of potassium carbonate activated biochar

Structural and adsorption characteristics of potassium carbonate activated biochar

Effect of Ca(OH)2 and Heat Treatment on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine Bone Powder; a Material Useful for Medical, Catalytic, and Environmental Applications

Adsorption of Scandium and Neodymium on Biochar Derived after Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Sawdust

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