“…Promising results have also been obtained following immunization with liposome-associated antigens; the oral (3,19,35,37,47) and parenteral (4,8,13,24,25,38,39,42) routes have been used for antigens of parasites (4,24,25,37,39), viruses (13,32), and bacteria (3,8,19,35,38,42,47). Their potential as adjuvants has been demonstrated in several studies, in which the use of liposome-associated antigens resulted in protective immunity (4,8,19,24,25,37,39,42) or at least cell-mediated (8) and humoral responses (3,13,38). The adjuvanticity of liposomes seems to depend on several factors including vesicle size and structure, lipid constitution, surface charge, antigen localization, the animal species immunized, route of immunization, and the distribution and number of lamellae.…”