Preparation of a superfine RDX/Al composite as an energetic material by mechanical ball-milling method and the study of its thermal properties

Xiao, Lei; Zhang, Yan; Wang, Xiaohong; Hao, Gazi; Liu, Jie; Ke, Xiang; Chen, Teng; Jiang, Wei

doi:10.1039/c8ra07650b

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Yet, in terms of relative values, we show that nano-Al 2 O 3 and nano-Al particles decrease E a by 31.8 and 44.8 kJ/mol, respectively, which are in good agreement with several existing studies. 14,18,37,59 3.2. Initial Decomposition Reactions of RDX.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Al-RDX systems, there is a large body of work dedicated to the RDX decomposition catalyzed by Al. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] For example, Hou et al 23 studied the influence of nano-Al on the thermal decomposition of RDX and showed that Al nanoparticles decrease the peak decomposition temperature, the activation energy and the critical explosive temperature of RDX. Zhu et al 14 It remains challenging to experimentally reveal the thermal decay mechanism of EMs, in particular, on the molecular/atomic level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because thermal decay is a primary and initial process of the combustion and/or detonation of EMs, it is a requisite for evaluating any EM to guarantee safety. For the Al-RDX systems, there is a large body of work dedicated to the RDX decomposition catalyzed by Al. − For example, Hou et al studied the influence of nano-Al on the thermal decomposition of RDX and showed that Al nanoparticles decrease the peak decomposition temperature, activation energy, and critical explosive temperature of RDX. Zhu et al interpreted from different perspectives on how nano-Al as a catalyst affects the thermal decomposition of RDX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Al and Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

et al. 2019

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Metallic additives, Al nanoparticles in particular, have extensively been used in energetic materials (EMs), of which thermal decomposition is one of the most basic properties. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism for the highly active Al nanoparticles and their oxidized counterparts, the Al2O3 nanoparticles, influencing the thermal decay of aluminized EMs has not fully been understood. Herein, we explore the influence of Al and Al2O3 nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of 1,3,5trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), one of the most common EMs, based on large-scale reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations within three heating schemes (constant-temperature, programmed and adiabatic heating). The presence of Al nanoparticles significantly reduces the induction time and energy required to activate the RDX decay, and greatly increases energy release. The fundamental reason for these results is that Al changes the primary decay pathway from the unimolecular N-NO2 scission of RDX to bimolecular barrier-free or low-barrier Al-involved reactions, and possesses a strong O-extraction capability and a moderate one to react with C/H/N. It is also responsible for the growth of the Al-contained clusters. And Al2O3 nanoparticles can also demonstrate such catalysis capability but contribute less to the enhancement of energy release. Moreover, the detailed evolutions of key thermodynamic properties, intermediate and final gaseous products, and Al-contained products are also presented. Besides, under the programmed heating and adiabatic heating conditions the catalysis of the Al and Al2O3 nanoparticles becomes more distinct. Thereby, many properties of aluminized EMs are expected to well be understood by our simulation results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Al and Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

et al. 2019

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“…[ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Aluminum powder is used as a fuel additive to increase the energy of the air blast wave, the bubble energy in underwater explosions, and the duration of combustion action in aluminized composite explosives [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Compared to micrometer-sized particles, nano-sized aluminum (nAl) particles own high special surface areas and enhanced contact areas with explosives, so as to achieve more complete and faster oxidation [ 4 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Viton@FOX-7@Al Spherical Composite with Improved Thermal Decomposition Property and Safety Performance

Yang

Song

et al. 2021

Materials

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To achieve a uniform distribution of the components and a better performance of aluminized composite explosives, Viton (dipolymers of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride) @ FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) @Al microspheres and FOX-7/Viton@Al were synthesized by spray-drying strategy contrastively. Viton@FOX-7@Al owned porous and loose morphology and good sphericity with a retained crystal phase of FOX-7 and aluminum. The 23.56% fluorine content on Viton@FOX-7@Al surface indicated that Viton was completely coated on the surface of the particles. Nanosized aluminum (nAl) in Viton@FOX-7@Al had a certain catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition process of FOX-7 resulting in a depressed exothermic peak temperature and reduced apparent activation energy relative to nAl in FOX-7/Viton@Al. Because of the specific structure and the synergies between each individual component, Viton@FOX-7@Al showed reduced impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity than those of FOX-7/Viton@Al. In brief, Viton@FOX-7@Al with multilevel coating structure possessed comparatively low thermal decomposition energy requirement and improved safety performance.

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“…Common refining methods include anti‐solvent injection [5], spray drying [6–9], supercritical RESS [10–12], supercritical SAS [13, 14], and physical ball milling, among others. Coating methods include coating by water suspension [15–20], coating by a supercritical fluid [11, 21–28], coating by spray drying [29, 30], and coating by ball milling [31, 32]. The disadvantages of the two‐step process include high complexity, difficult process control, multi‐core capsules, irregular particle shapes, and uneven wall thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Research of Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids to Prepare Energetic Material Nano‐Capsules

Yang

Xing-wang

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Nano‐capsule energetic materials can improve the mechanical properties, combustion/explosion properties, and component compatibility of solid propellants and reduce their toxicity, water absorption capacity, and sensitivity. The following approaches have been performed to obtain nano‐capsule energetic materials. First, the structure of solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) core device (nozzle and hanging basket) were modified to improve the atomization performance, eliminate the vortex, and avoid the repeated growth of crystals. The ultrafine RDX particles with average particle size of 705 nm and distribution range of 400–1200 nm were prepared by using the improved devices. Second, the optimal process parameters for the preparation of ultrafine RDX by SEDS were obtained. Reducing the solution concentration or the supercritical CO2 temperature will be beneficial to obtain dry RDX particles with smaller particle sizes. When the solution concentration ratio was 10 g (RDX)/100 mL (DMF), the temperature of supercritical CO2 was 35 °C, and the flow rate ratio of supercritical CO2 to solution was greater than 10 (kg/h): 2 (ml/min), the experiment results were good. Third, to facilitate the detection of shell elements, fluororubber (F26) and RDX were used as raw materials to prepare nano‐capsules. Transmission electron microscopy image showed that the RDX‐F26 particles featured a core‐shell structure with diameters that ranged between 200 nm and 300 nm, spherical shape, and uniform wall thickness. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the core was RDX, the shell was F26, and the thickness of the shell was 14.6 nm. As the capsule wall material, the F26 also inhibited the overgrowth of RDX crystal in the course of crystallization successfully. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RDX‐F26 nano‐capsules had lower impact and friction sensitivities than the refined RDX. These results show that the use of improved SEDS process is suitable for the preparation of energetic material microcapsules.

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Preparation of a superfine RDX/Al composite as an energetic material by mechanical ball-milling method and the study of its thermal properties

Abstract: To research the influence of aluminum (Al) on the decomposition of 1,3,5-trimethylene trinitramine (RDX), superfine RDX/Al composite with a mass ratio of 70/30 was prepared by mechanical ball milling.

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Al and Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Influence of Al and Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Fabrication and Characterization of Viton@FOX-7@Al Spherical Composite with Improved Thermal Decomposition Property and Safety Performance

Process Research of Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids to Prepare Energetic Material Nano‐Capsules

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Preparation of a superfine RDX/Al composite as an energetic material by mechanical ball-milling method and the study of its thermal properties

Abstract: To research the influence of aluminum (Al) on the decomposition of 1,3,5-trimethylene trinitramine (RDX), superfine RDX/Al composite with a mass ratio of 70/30 was prepared by mechanical ball milling.

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of Al and Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Influence of Al and Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Fabrication and Characterization of Viton@FOX-7@Al Spherical Composite with Improved Thermal Decomposition Property and Safety Performance

Process Research of Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids to Prepare Energetic Material Nano‐Capsules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Influence of Al and Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Influence of Al and Al₂O₃ Nanoparticles on the Thermal Decay of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX): Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations