Preparation of activated charcoal from Acrocomia aculeata for purification of pretreated crude glycerol

Barbosa, Sandro L.; Freitas, Milton S. de; Santos, Wallans Torres Pio dos; Nelson, David Lee; Marques, Maria Betânia de Freitas; Klein, Stanlei Ivair; Clososki, Giuliano C.; Caires, Franco J.; Nassar, Eduardo J.; Zanatta, Lucas D.; Agblevor, Foster A.; Afonso, Carlos A. M.; Baroni, Adriano C. M.

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00745-7

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The organic layer was decanted into a separatory funnel, where the biofuel-containing upper phase was separated from the lower phase containing glycerol by decantation. The recovered glycerol was treated as previously described [ 4 ]. The biofuel phase was dissolved in hexane (50 mL), extracted with 20 mL of a saturated solution of NaCl, dried with MgSO 4 and concentrated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third reaction using the same catalyst resulted in a 10% decrease in yield. The glycerol was purified by adsorption using activated charcoal, and it was used in the synthesis of ketals [ 4 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In transesterification reactions catalyzed by homogeneous bases or acids, salts of the base and glycerol are produced as by-products. Glycerol is usually used in the pharmaceutical industry after purification, and the excess KOH catalyst is used for the production of potassium fertilizer by neutralization with H 3 PO 4 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO

et al. 2022

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SiO2-SO3H, with a surface area of 115 m2·g−1, pore volumes of 0.38 cm3·g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g, was used as a transesterification catalyst. Triglycerides of waste cooking oil reacted with methanol in refluxing toluene to yield mixtures of diglycerides, monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 20% (w/w) catalyst/oil using the hydrophilic sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H) catalyst alone or with the addition of 10% (w/w) co-catalyst/oil [(Bun4N)(BF4) or Aliquat 336]. The addition of the ammonium salts to the catalyst lead to a decrease in the amounts of diglycerides in the products, but the concentrations of monoglycerides increased. Mixtures of (Bun4N)(BF4)/catalyst were superior to catalyst alone or Aliquat 336/catalyst for promoting the production of mixtures with high concentrations of FAMEs. The same experiments were repeated using DMSO as the solvent. The use of the more polar solvent resulted in excellent conversion of the triglycerides to FAME esters with all three-catalyst media. A simplified mechanism is presented to account for the experimental results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO

et al. 2022

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“…Cluster 1, the biggest (8 items), is formed by the words "biofuel", "macauba", "acrocomia aculeate", "pyrolysis", "fatty acids", "adsorption", "vegetable oils" and "oil", forming a group related to oil extraction and its application to biofuel production. The word "adsorption" present in cluster 1 brings to evidence a research area of great interest: the use of biochar from macaúba in the adsorption of water contaminants and even for the treatment of emerging contaminants [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]37]. In the cluster 2, "Arecaceae", "palms", "germination", "palm", "hastorium", "embryo" and "operculum" words are related to embryogenesis and seed studies.…”

Section: Patentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oils extracted from the mesocarp and endosperm are suitable for biodiesel production [111], for uses in chemical and food industries [93][94][95], and applications in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry [112]. From the endocarp, a solid biofuel (biochar) can be obtained for thermal energy generation [2,8] and also used as biosorbent, with possibilities for environmental purposes such as water/wastewater treatment/remediation [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]37]. The use of endocarp by-products as solid fuel has been studied to reduce the dependence on non-renewable energy sources, with particular attention given to the endocarp and the epicarp [113].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Macaúba’s world scenario: a bibliometric analysis

Ampese

Buller

Monroy

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Macaúba is a tropical palm native in South and Central America, and its fruits present a high-quality oil for biodiesel production. Notwithstanding, macaúba's wastes and by-products are not usually repurposed as energy sources. This study shows a bibliometric analysis to assess macaúba's current applications and to investigate other energy recovery routes for its by-products. All the investigations focused on information about the main research fields related to macaúba. The study showed that only 397 articles and reviews were published from 1900 until 2021, and Brazil is the leading publisher. Although oleic and protein macaúba's by-products are applied as animal feed, some conversion routes related to the lignocellulosic contents, present in non-edible parts, were identified thermal conversion, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, biochemical conversion, fermentation, esterification, and anaerobic digestion.From the agricultural perspective, plant characterization, germination, embryogenesis, and seed development were also found. From the bibliometric study, the different potential applications of macaúba for energy, pharmaceutical, and food purposes were listed to support the identification of a knowledge gap on its by-products revaluation.

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Optimization of crude glycerol purification from grease trap waste biodiesel production: exploring the synergistic effect of mixed extraction alcohols on enhanced glycerol purity

Al‐Haimi,

Luo,

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDThe purification of crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production and grease trap waste, is essential for its utilization in high‐value applications. Achieving exceptionally pure glycerol without relying on energy‐intensive vacuum distillation during transesterification is of substantial economic interest.RESULTSThis investigation focuses on crafting a purification process involving chemical treatment (neutralization), adsorption and extraction. The assessment of the neutralization process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) revealed their comparative efficacy. Activated carbon adsorption was used to reduce coloration in crude glycerol, with weights set at 4 and 8 wt%. Efficient salt extraction from crude glycerol was explored using solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol in varying mass ratios to crude glycerol (1:1 and 2:1). The study also examined the synergistic effects and impact of mixing alcohol solvents. Optimal conditions for achieving high purity (92.44%) were identified as the combination of KOH, 8 wt% activated carbon and a 2:1 ratio of a mixture of the three alcohols.CONCLUSIONThe combined effects of employing a mixture of alcohols significantly enhance the extraction process, resulting in the efficient and successful purification of glycerol. These outcomes offer valuable insights into improving the extraction process in industrial settings, leading to the production of high‐quality glycerol products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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Preparation of activated charcoal from Acrocomia aculeata for purification of pretreated crude glycerol

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO

Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO

Macaúba’s world scenario: a bibliometric analysis

Optimization of crude glycerol purification from grease trap waste biodiesel production: exploring the synergistic effect of mixed extraction alcohols on enhanced glycerol purity

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