“…The overheated molten alloy is brought to a semi-solid temperature via the liquid route via mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic stirring methods, chemical grain refining, spray casting [ 3 ], shearing-cooling roll [ 37 ], swirled enthalpy equilibration device process [ 38 ], gas-induced semi-solid process [ 39 ], electromagnetic stirring combined with mechanical vibration as mentioned Dao et al [ 40 ], cooling slope casting [ 41 ], low superheat casting [ 42 ] and several more and can then be thixoformed.…”