Preparation of autoclaved aerated concrete using copper tailings and blast furnace slag

Strength and durability characteristics of copper tailing concrete

“…As the mining industries discharge their waste materials to the surrounding location, it generates lot of problems. The pollution creating waste can be disposed thru dams, (which comprise of factory sediments, mine tailings and deposited materials; and are generally considered as the largest man-made structures in the world) that have played a significant role in protecting valuable soil and water resources from dirty slurries [1,11,13,21].…”

Cement mixtures containing copper tailings as an additive: durability properties

“…The massive waste generation going on in the copper industry, was highlighted by Boger 8 when he submitted that about 230,000 tons of dry copper tailings is produced daily at the Escondida copper mine in Chile. According to Yu et al as cited in Huang et al, 9 more than 2.4 billion tons of copper tailings can be presently found in China. Similar or higher volumes of copper tailings may also be in existence in major copper producing countries such as Chile, Peru and United States.…”

Effect of fineness and dosage of aluminium powder on the properties of moist-cured aerated concrete

“…Yang et al [14] 0.05 (s) 0.1 (s) 560-840 Huang et al [12] 0.1 (s) 610.2 Holt and Raivio [18] 0.2 (c) 0.5 (c) 450-800 Bonakdar et al [13] 0.2 (c) 0.5 (c) 500-750 Narayanan and Ramamurthy [1] 0.25 (c) 0.5 (c) 800-1600 (s) -by weight of solid, (c) -by weight of cement. refers to approx.…”

“…Some of the salient contributions reported after this review, are summarized below. In order to enhance the performance of aerated concrete, several additives were tried, viz., (i) air-cooled slag as a replacement for sand and lime [2], (ii) zeolite as replacement for quartzite to improve the thermal conductivity [3], (iii) the effect of clayish crushed stone along with lime to study the strength and homogenous and dense structure system [4], (iv) bottom ash as replacement of cement to enhance the physical, mechanical and microstructure properties of autoclaved aerated concrete [5], (v) studies on temperature variation in aerated concrete to observe the mechanical properties and volumetric stability [6], (vi) replacement of cement with palm oil fuel ash and the effect of aluminium powder and superplasticizer on the strength and density of aerated concrete [7], (vii) natural zeolite as a replacement of quartz particle and bubble generating agent [8], (viii) incinerated bottom ash as replacement of aluminium powder and as a source of silica [9], (ix) durability and thermal properties of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) [10], (x) improving energy efficiency by using powder industry waste [11], (xi) use of copper tailings and blast furnace slag to reduce the CO 2 emission in production of AAC [12], (xii) short polymeric fibres used as internal reinforcement for non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC) [13] and (xiii) phosphogypsum used as activator and filler in NAAC [14]. The aeration level is reported to be influenced by a dosage of aluminium powder, alkalinity of cement and water-cement ratio [1].…”