Preparation of calcium–alginate microcapsuled microbial fertilizer coating Klebsiella oxytoca Rs-5 and its performance under salinity stress

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance the growth and Cd uptake of Sedum plumbizincicola in a Cd-contaminated soil

“…Encapsulation of the bacteria may be an effective alternative to free cell dispersal. It is reported that encapsulating bacteria could survive in soil and be released into soil in a controllable manner, so that long-term effects can be optimized (Wu et al 2011). Furthermore, the use of multi-strain inoculants could be a good strategy that enables organisms to successfully survive and maintain themselves in communities (Andrews et al 1991).…”

Improvement of Crop Protection and Yield in Hostile Agroecological Conditions with PGPR-Based Biofertilizer Formulations

“…The utilization of rootassociated bacteria that interact with plants by mitigating the effects of various stresses opens a novel, inexpensive and advanced technology for combating the problems of salinity (Arshad et al 2008) and other climate related problems; thus, it continues to stimulate research and commercial interests. It has been shown that most PGPR isolates from environmental stress conditions showed certain enhancement of tolerance e.g., salt tolerance due to efficient metabolic processes that help them to adapt under these environments (Egamberdiyeva 2005;Wu et al 2011;Garg and Baher 2013). However, there is concern with variability in the effectiveness of biologicals when used in different conditions or cropping systems.…”

“…Arora et al (2014) studied other materials including bagasse, saw dust and wood ashes as possible microbial inoculant carriers, and they found that coriander husk, saw dust and bagasse materials were able to sustain the highest viable cell number of rhizobial and Pseudomonas strains. Calcium alginate (CA) gel, a biodegradable microcapsule, is another material that has been widely utilized as a carrier for bacterial immobilization, which may protect the cells and has long-term effects under hostile environments (Wu et al 2011). …”

“…Trivedi et al (2005) observed maximum numbers of alginate-based PGPR Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas corrugata in the rhizosphere of 6-week grown maize (Zea mays), compared to a charcoal-based formulation. Wu et al (2011) studied the improvement in the survival rate of Klebsiella oxytoca Rs-5 under salinity stress conditions through the preparation of microcapsules using sodium alginate and calcium chloride. They observed that the bacteria released from microcapsules reached up to 10 10 cfu/g when immersed in physiological saline for 3 weeks.…”

“…In a study by Wu et al (2011) mentioned earlier, the effects of inoculation with free and alginate-encapsulated cells of K. oxytoca Rs-5 on cotton germination, root, shoot length and dry weight under salinity stress were examined. They observed that microcapsulated Rs-5 inoculant increased plant growth and biomass as compared with those uninoculated plant and free cells of Rs-5.…”