Preparation of Calcium Benzene Sulfonate Detergents by a Microdispersion Process

Abstract

This study presents a novel technique for the controllable preparation of calcium benzene sulfonate [Ca(Ar–SO3)2] detergents using a microdispersion process. Neutralization and carbonation were conducted in an oil-in-water system instead of the typical water-in-oil system. n-Butanol was employed as the oil phase for the in situ formation of the hydrophobic cores of the detergents. The mechanism of synthesis in different bulk phases was investigated. Microreactors were used to enhance the mixing performance and mass transfer. Low-cost Ca(OH)2 and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (Ar–SO3H) were supplied as the reactants. An efficient synthesis with a high utilization ratio of CO2 and a high product yield was achieved. CaCO3 nanoparticles with average sizes from 8 to 20 nm were used as detergent cores, and Ca(Ar–SO3)2 detergents with total base numbers (TBNs) ranging from 300 to 420 mg of KOH/g were successfully prepared.

Synthesis of transparent oil dispersion of monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles with high concentration

“…The strong bands at 2924 and 2854 cm 21 for C2H and C2C vibrations, the bands at 1180 and 1054 cm 21 for O@S@O vibration in sulphate belonged to the Ar-SO 3 group of the surfactant. 10 In the carbonation process (curve B), there was still the band at 3640 cm 21 for the OH 2 stretching vibration from Ca(OH) 2 , which was weakened owing to the consumption of Ca(OH) 2 . The weak band at 863 cm 21 attributed to amorphous CaCO 3 was found because of the formation of colloidal CaCO 3 nanoparticles.…”

“…After the neutralization reaction was finished (curve A), the sample had an obvious band at 3640 cm −1 , corresponding to the OH − stretching vibration resulted from Ca(OH) 2 . The strong bands at 2924 and 2854 cm −1 for C−H and C−C vibrations, the bands at 1180 and 1054 cm −1 for OSO vibration in sulphate belonged to the Ar‐SO 3 group of the surfactant . In the carbonation process (curve B), there was still the band at 3640 cm −1 for the OH − stretching vibration from Ca(OH) 2 , which was weakened owing to the consumption of Ca(OH) 2 .…”

“…Especially, as oil additive for detergency, CaCO 3 is required to be amorphous colloidal nanoparticles with an average particle size below 20 nm. 10 More importantly, it is very desired that CaCO 3 nanoparticles could be highly concentrated and stably monodispersed in lubricating base oil for a long period. In this system, CaCO 3 as the core is stabilized by oil-soluble surfactants, such as the alkaline salts of alkylated sulfonates, phenols, salicylates.…”

“…In this system, CaCO 3 as the core is stabilized by oil-soluble surfactants, such as the alkaline salts of alkylated sulfonates, phenols, salicylates. [10][11][12] It plays an important role in preventing mechanical corrosion, especially in the neutralization of acids produced during the combustion of fuels by reacting with H 2 O. 13,14 The preparation of CaCO 3 nanodetergent is usually achieved with a W/O microemulsion route, which mainly consists of neutralization and carbonation processes.…”

Precise crystal regulation and harvest by constructing confined flexible droplet crystallizer on 3D-printed sessile platform

“…Droplet based crystallization attracted remarkable attentions owing to the superiorities of crystal screening, particle harvest and theoretical research with limited solution volume and exible solution condition, such as nano material fabrication, DNA microarray design, and protein crystallization, etc [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”