Preparation of Carbon Nano-Onions and Their Application as Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) were prepared at 600 °C by a simple reaction between copper dichloride hydrate (CuCl 2 3 2H 2 O) and calcium carbide (CaC 2 ). The morphology and structure of the obtained products were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, and nitrogen adsorption. Large quantities of CNOs consisting of quasi-spherically concentric graphitic shells with high purity and uniform size distribution (about 30 nm) were obtained. The crystal water in CuCl 2 3 2H 2 O plays an important role in the formation of CNOs. The CNOs as-obtained exhibit high capacity and excellent cycling performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which can deliver a reversible capacity of 391 mAh g À1 up to 60 cycles.

Synthesis of grape-like carbon nanospheres and their application as photocatalyst and electrocatalyst

“…1. The main peak at 2ș = 25.6° corresponds to the (002) diffraction plane of hexagonal graphite [17,18]. The broadening of the peaks in X-ray diffraction pattern of CNS indicates the disorder and turbostratic structure of the graphite [18,21,23].…”

“…The broadening of the peaks in X-ray diffraction pattern of CNS indicates the disorder and turbostratic structure of the graphite [18,21,23]. Moreover, the indistinguishability of the (100) and (101) peaks centred at 43.7° also reflects the presence of disorderness in the structure [18]. This can also be associated with the presence of some oxygen atoms, which are not detected in XRD because of the negligible amount (< 5%) in the powder sample.…”

“…Moreover, the nature of carbon in these structures may be of graphitic or non-graphitic. During high-temperature treatment, the graphite sheets usually bend that follow the curvature of the sphere in order to minimize their energy with the formation of dangling bonds on their surface [17,18]. Furthermore, CNS with better thermal stability, better conductivity, low density, large void space fraction with defects in the form of dangling bonds brought about a stronger catalyst support in the adsorbents and fuel cell applications [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Method to obtain carbon nano-onions by pyrolisys of propane

“…These properties make them suitable for applications such as the encapsulation of foreign materials [25,26], catalyst supports [27] and lubricant additives [28,29]. The combination of CNOs with polymers obtains novel materials with great potential in a wide range of different applications including optical limiting [12,30,31], energy and gas stores [32,33], anode materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries [34] and additives for capacitor devices [35].…”

Covalent Organic Frameworks Baseados Em Carbazóis: Concepção, Síntese E Caracterização

“…Alguns trabalhos já foram descritos para esfoliação de COFs (Berlanga et al, 2011;Berlanga et al, 2012;Bunck e Dichtel, 2013;Gallego et al, 2013;Stegbauer et al, 2014). fulerenos, dispostas concentricamente uma dentro das outras (Han et al, 2011).…”