Preparation of CEL2 glass‐ceramic porous scaffolds coated with chitosan microspheres that have a drug delivery function

Abstract

The present work focused on the preparation of CEL2 bioactive glass (SiO2–P2O5–CaO–MgO–K2O–Na2O) scaffolds loaded with chitosan microspheres. Chitosan microspheres, with a mean particle size of 0.55 μm ± 0.25 μm and loaded with acetaminophen, were obtained through the water‐in‐oil single emulsion solvent evaporation method and were adhered to the surface of the scaffolds by a simple dip‐coating technique. The characterization of the microsphere‐loaded scaffolds, before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), was performed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. In vitro bioactivity was performed for 21 days. The glass‐ceramic microsphere‐loaded scaffolds showed more than 70% interconnected porosity and an average compressive strength of 1.2 ± 0.43 MPa after immersion in SBF. They also showed the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer from the first day of immersion in SBF, demonstrating their high bioactivity. The microspheres were shown to be homogeneously dispersed on the scaffold surfaces. After 120 hours, the biologic tests showed good fibroblast cell proliferation onto the scaffolds. The encapsulated drug in the microspheres was released by diffusion in a sustained manner (90% and 99% in 200 hours). The results suggest that scaffolds have a promising role in applications of bone tissue engineering.

Materials in the Na2O–CaO–SiO2–P2O5 System for Medical Applications

“…According to the literature data, the main crystal phase formed during the devitrification of pure Bioglass 45S5 glasses has not been established precisely. Some authors indicated the formation of the Na 2 Ca 2 Si 3 O 9 phase [58][59][60]; others pointed at the Na 6 Ca 3 Si 6 O 18 phase formation [44,46]; and there are works in which Na 4 Ca 4 Si 6 O 18 was determined as the crystalline phase after glass devitrification [23,61]. The current uncertainty can be explained by the close lattice parameters of all three compounds, Na 2 Ca 2 Si 3 O 9 (hexagonal, P31 (152), a = 10.464, c = 13.176) [62], Na 4 Ca 4 Si 6 O 18 (hexagonal, P32 (152), a = 10.464, c = 13.168) [63], and Na 6 Ca 3 Si 6 O 18 (rhombohedral, R-3m (166), a = 10.500, c = 13.184) [64], as well as by the isostructurality of the Na 6 Ca 3 Si 6 O 18 and Na 4 Ca 4 Si 6 O 18 phases and the high-temperature form Na 2 Ca 2 Si 3 O 9 .…”

Bioactive Glass Coated Zirconia for Dental Implants: a review

“…Considering the investigations by many researchers, bioactive glasses possess potential of many wide applications such as the formation of HCA and bone, but their use as materials for coating, is more attractive than other applications, especially when they are used as an implant. Their mechanical integrity becomes important [102][103][104][105] when they are used as coating on tougher substrate [106][107][108]. The studies about coatings have proved that depending on the approach of coatings and deposition, the main chemical and physical characteristics will change [109][110][111][112][113].…”