Preparation of cellulose carbonate

Barker, S. A.; Tun, H. Cho; Doss, S. H.; Gray, C.J.; Kennedy, John F.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)82559-8

Cited by 54 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A very promising class of cellulose derivatives are cellulose carbonates that gain increasing interest in the syntheses of functional cellulose materials via aminolysis, for example . First attempts to synthesize carbonic acid esters of cellulose, applying ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) heterogeneously, lead to undefined products containing both, the trans ‐2,3‐cyclic carbonate structure, and the acyclic O‐ethoxycarbonyl moiety . On the contrary, the homogeneous conversion of the biopolymer into cellulose phenyl carbonates in, for example, N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/LiCl is useful to provide uniform and soluble products with low to moderate DS and a regioselective substitution pattern .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Cellulose Tricarbonates in 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride/Pyridine

Elschner

Kötteritzsch

Heinze

2013

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Cellulose phenyl tricarbonates could be synthesized by a novel and fast procedure applying 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/pyridine as reaction medium. Even cellulose phenyl carbonates with high degree of substitution are accessible at low molar ratio very efficiently. The reagent phenyl chloroformate is inert in the mixture, which is different from the solvent N,N-dimethylacetamide/LiCl that is usually applied. The products were characterized in detail by two-dimensional NMR- and FTIR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and size-exclusion chromatography. This class of cellulose derivatives is a very important intermediate for the design of structures based on cellulose by nucleophilc attack on the carbonyl group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Cellulose Tricarbonates in 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride/Pyridine

Elschner

Kötteritzsch

Heinze

2013

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Synthesis of trans-2,3-cellulose carbonate has been performed according to the following scheme [183,184]:…”

Section: Peptide Binding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Biomaterials As Enzyme and Drug Carriers* Part I: Immobilization of Enzymes

Dumitriu¹,

Popa²,

Dumitriu³

1988

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers

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INTRODUCTIONhe immobilization of drugs and enzymes refers to their attachment to solid supports. In many cases, the immobilized materials remain biologically active and can be used in numerous research investigations. The basic idea in immobilizing drugs or enzymes on solid supports is to control the gross movement of the immobilized material relative to that of the support. In most cases, the immobilized compounds can still undergo conformational changes. If the compound is connected to the support through a spacer arm, then the compound can move several Angstroms or micrometers relative to the support. However, the actual freedom of movement of immobilized materials depends on several factors, including (1) the type of immobilization chemistry employed, (2) the presence of interactions with the support and (3) the use of single or multiple points of attachment, as well as crosslinking between points on the immobilized material or between the immobilized material and the support.Several chemical techniques, plus many more variations, have been described for the immobilization of biochemicals on solid supports. These include trapping in gels or polymeric matrices, adsorption on surfaces, covalent attachment to organic and inorganic surfaces, and encapsulation in liposomes or other small vesicles [1,2]. *This is the first of a four-part review. Downloaded from 244The current interest in the immobilization of enzymes grew out of the early studies by Manecke [3] in Germany and Katchalski [4] in Israel in the early 1960s, for coupling enzymes and antibodies to polymeric supports. A few years later, natural hormones (adreno-corticotropic hormone, insulin) were covalently coupled to agarose beds and tested for biological activity against isolated mammalian cells [5,6].Many other compounds have been immobilized on solid supports in the intervening years, so that by 1990 it is estimated that over 500 different enzymes may be obtained.In recent years, the use of synthetic polymers as polymeric drugs or drug delivery systems has received increasing attention. Several symposia were organized to discuss the current state-of-the-art research in polymeric drugs [7], controlled release of bioactive materials [8,9] and the general biomedical applications of polymers [10,11]. Studies have largely been confined either to the development of sustained-release systems based on insoluble polymers [12] or to the development of polymeric drugs [7], i.e. soluble polymers which themselves display pharmacological activity. Up to now, more than 100 different drugs have been immobilized on bio-or non-biodegradable polymers.Fewer results have been published on the immobilization of pesticides and fertilizers [13][14][15][16][17][18].

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“…However, the likelihood of the action of a cellulase is strengthened by the fact that diffusion effects were VOL. 3,1973 on April 1, 2019 by guest http://aac.asm.org/ The case of polymixin B is unique since it was found that an aqueous solution of this antibiotic formed a gel on treatment with triethylamine (and other bases). Thus it was likely that the antibiotic derivatives produced in the normal way contained the antibiotic in its gel form as well as the insolubilized form arising from attachment to the carbohydrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Insolubilized Antibiotics Based on Cellulose and Cellulose Carbonate

Kennedy

Tun

1973

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The coupling of a number of antibiotics to cellulose and cellulose trans-2, 3-carbonate under a series of coupling conditions has been investigated, and it has been shown that by such couplings active insoluble derivatives of antibiotics can be produced. It was found that the antibiotics became firmly bound to cellulose itself, whereas use of cellulose carbonate extended the range of antibacterial activity retained. In the case of cellulose, it was considered that physical adsorption phenomena were operating, whereas a covalent bond was more likely in the case of cellulose carbonate where the antibiotic amino groups could attack the electrophilic cyclic carbonate carbon atoms. The release of antibiotic from the matrix during testing of antibacterial activity was likely due to the action of a cellulase or additionally an esterase in the case of cellulose carbonate. The importance and potential of these new types of chemical derivatives are discussed in terms of new outlets for the commercial use of cellulose.

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Preparation of cellulose carbonate

Cited by 54 publications

References 4 publications

Synthesis of Cellulose Tricarbonates in 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride/Pyridine

Synthesis of Cellulose Tricarbonates in 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Chloride/Pyridine

Polymeric Biomaterials As Enzyme and Drug Carriers* Part I: Immobilization of Enzymes

Active Insolubilized Antibiotics Based on Cellulose and Cellulose Carbonate

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