Preparation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) bionanocomposites filaments using biobased additives for 3D printing applications

Agbakoba, Victor Chike; Hlangothi, Percy; Andrew, Jerome; John, Maya Jacob

doi:10.1039/d3na00281k

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…T m2 was associated with the melting of the original crystals formed in the cold crystallization stage during the heating scan . The crystallinity of PLA was found to be 25%, which aligns with findings from previous studies …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Correlation between Mechanical and Dielectric Dynamic Behavior Using Fractional Models: Application to Polylactic Acid

Fakraoui,

Arous,

Royaud

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The complementarity between mechanical and dielectric properties is crucial, as it facilitates a comprehensive understanding of material behavior, enabling optimal using. This work mainly focuses on the use of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to investigate the electrical and mechanical aspects of polymer relaxation phenomena. We have opted to conduct experiments on polylactic acid (PLA) due to its well-known use in various applications, attributed to its notable properties and essential relaxation processes. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to identify characteristic temperatures for distinguishing different relaxation processes in the polymer. The obtained experimental results were analyzed using the mechanical fractional model (MFM) and the dielectric fractional model (DFM). The fractional model parameters confirm that higher temperatures correlate with increased molecular mobility within macromolecular chains, especially in relaxation processes associated with the glass transition. Subsequently, a fractional calculus approach is employed to investigate the correlation between the complex modulus and complex permittivity of PLA. This correlation model enables the prediction of the real permittivity ε′(T) curve from the real modulus E′(T) data, providing valuable insights into PLA behavior. These results suggest that the correlation model has the potential to predict the dielectric behavior of a polymer based on its mechanical results and vice versa.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…37 The crystallinity of PLA was found to be 25%, which aligns with findings from previous studies. 38 4.2. Dielectric Properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Mechanical and Dielectric Dynamic Behavior Using Fractional Models: Application to Polylactic Acid

Fakraoui,

Arous,

Royaud

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Extrusion was done in a twin-screw extruder following the formulation shown in Table 1. The amounts of ingredients used were determined as weight percentages of the whole sample batch weight [12,13]. The WPCs were compounded by melt blending PP pellets with the WF using a Leistritz ZSE-27 twin-screw extruder with a length/diameter (L/D) ratio of 40, die diameter of 2.7 mm, and 10 heating zones.…”

Section: Extrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAPP optimization through elucidation of wood plastic composite microstructural behaviour in melt and solid state

Mabuto,

Skosana,

Hlangothi

2024

Preprint

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The compatibility of wood flour (WF) and thermoplastic matrix in wood plastic composites (WPC) has over the years been improved by means of coupling agents, surfactants and filler or matrix surface modifications. However, understanding the composite microstructure and the effects of coupling agents on microstructural behavior is pertinent for process optimizations. In the current work, the effect of varying maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) amount at 10 and 30% WF contents on composite microstructure was investigated by monitoring changes in their rheo-mechanical properties. The study revealed that increase in the WF content increases the composite melt’s complex viscosity, dynamic moduli, stress, and creep flow resistance. In the absence of MAPP, the tensile strength, impact strength, and the elongation at break were reduced with WF content due to prevalent WF agglomerations. Incorporating MAPP in 1, 3, and 5% amounts showed a corresponding decrease in the abovementioned rheological properties while the tensile strength, impact strength, and elongation at break increased. Composites containing 10% WF content exhibited a levelling effect at 1% MAPP, while those containing 30% WF levelled off at 3% MAPP. This was indicative of a possible competitive process upon reaching the MAPP optima, resulting in zero or insignificant property changes upon further MAPP additions. Evidently, at 30% WF content, 5% MAPP exhibited discrepant behaviour characterized by higher complex viscosity, dynamic moduli, stress, creep flow resistance and levelling of mechanical properties compared to 3% MAPP. This was attributed to excess MAPP clustering at interphases, resulting in ineffective wetting and consequently higher internal friction within the composite microstructure.

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“…21–25 CNCs have been employed to enhance the mechanical and dispersibility characteristics of materials, owing to their outstanding tensile strength, water dispersibility, and hydrophilicity. They have been employed as highly efficient reinforcing additives for several polymers, including poly(lactic acid), 26–29 poly(butylene succinate), 30–32 and elastomers (like natural rubber). 33–36 CNCs show suitable stimuli responses; they can behave as sensors and hence can be utilized in the sensing field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in cellulose nanocrystals-based sensors: a review

Singh,

Bhardwaj,

Tiwari

et al. 2024

Mater. Adv.

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Preparation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) bionanocomposites filaments using biobased additives for 3D printing applications

Abstract: This work presents the experimental steps taken towards the preparation of 3D printable bionanocomposites using polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer containing 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt% CNCs.

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Correlation between Mechanical and Dielectric Dynamic Behavior Using Fractional Models: Application to Polylactic Acid

Correlation between Mechanical and Dielectric Dynamic Behavior Using Fractional Models: Application to Polylactic Acid

MAPP optimization through elucidation of wood plastic composite microstructural behaviour in melt and solid state

Recent advances in cellulose nanocrystals-based sensors: a review

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