Preparation of CeNi2 intermetallic compound by direct electroreduction of solid CeO2-2NiO in molten LiCl

Yin, Huayi; Zhang, Shengdong; Tang, Diyong; Yuan, Zhulin; Yan, Taihong; Zheng, Weifang; Wang, Dihua

doi:10.1016/s1002-0721(12)60155-0

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…2. 4 The immobilization of active liquid metal with the formation of alloys upon the electro-deoxidation of mixed oxides…”

Section: Simultaneous Electro-deoxidation and De-calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] In addition to metallurgical applications, the molten salt electrolysis of solid compounds (e.g. oxides) is applicable to some more elaborate and sophisticated processes such as the reprocessing of spent oxide nuclear fuel 4 and the preparation of nanostructured semiconductors, 5,6 in which the economic viability and environmental benignity of the molten salt electrolysis can be further enhanced. As energy and resources become more valuable, technologies that can utilize energy and resources more efficiently and in a sustainable way are urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The electrochemical reduction processes of solid compounds in high temperature molten salts

2014

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Solid electrode processes fall in the central focus of electrochemistry due to their broad-based applications in electrochemical energy storage/conversion devices, sensors and electrochemical preparation. The electrolytic production of metals, alloys, semiconductors and oxides via the electrochemical reduction of solid compounds (especially solid oxides) in high temperature molten salts has been well demonstrated to be an effective and environmentally friendly process for refractory metal extraction, functional materials preparation as well as spent fuel reprocessing. The (electro)chemical reduction of solid compounds under cathodic polarizations generally accompanies a variety of changes at the cathode/melt electrochemical interface which result in diverse electrolytic products with different compositions, morphologies and microstructures. This report summarizes various (electro)chemical reactions taking place at the compound cathode/melt interface during the electrochemical reduction of solid compounds in molten salts, which mainly include: (1) the direct electro-deoxidation of solid oxides; (2) the deposition of the active metal together with the electrochemical reduction of solid oxides; (3) the electro-inclusion of cations from molten salts; (4) the dissolution-electrodeposition process, and (5) the electron hopping process and carbon deposition with the utilization of carbon-based anodes. The implications of the forenamed cathodic reactions on the energy efficiency, chemical compositions and microstructures of the electrolytic products are also discussed. We hope that a comprehensive understanding of the cathodic processes during the electrochemical reduction of solid compounds in molten salts could form a basis for developing a clean, energy efficient and affordable production process for advanced/engineering materials.

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“…2. 4 The immobilization of active liquid metal with the formation of alloys upon the electro-deoxidation of mixed oxides…”

Section: Simultaneous Electro-deoxidation and De-calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electrochemical reduction processes of solid compounds in high temperature molten salts

2014

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“…Several authors proved the reduction of rare earth oxides in presence of metallic oxides to be suitable for obtaining rare earth alloys in molten chlorides. Moreover, they also proposed reduction mechanisms where the metallic oxide (Co 3 O 4 , NiO, Co 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 ) was first reduced on the cathode, followed by the reduction of rare earth oxide and formation of alloys [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Reduction Of Neodymium Oxide In Presence Of Copper Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, this strategy was already shown to be suitable for preparing Nd-Co alloys by electrochemical reduction of Nd 2 O 3 -Co 3 O 4 mixtures in molten chloride media [27]. Other rare earths alloys with heavy metals, such as La-Ni [28], Ce-Co [29], Ce-Ni [30], Tb-Fe [31] and Tb-Ni [32], were also obtained by electrochemical reduction of rare earth oxides and metallic oxides mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neodymium electrowinning into copper-neodymium alloys by mixed oxide reduction in molten fluoride media

Ciumag

Gibilaro

Massot

et al. 2016

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

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The possibility of neodymium electrowinning from neodymium oxide using a reducing agent (RA) produced in-situ by solvent reduction was investigated in molten LiF-CaF 2-Li 2 O between 900 C and 1040 C. Nd 2 O 3 galvanostatic electrolyses were performed and reaction products were analyzed by SEM, XRD and electron-probe microscopy. Metallic neodymium was not directly obtained, due to several limitations for Nd 2 O 3 reduction: low electrical conductivity, unfavourable Pilling-Bedworth coefficient and formation of a dense insulating CaO layer on the sample surface. Consequently, the reduction of a pellet made of a neodymium oxide-metallic oxide mixture was carried out as an alternative pathway. Nd 2 O 3-CuO reduction led to metallic neodymium production in the form of liquid Cu-Nd alloys. A reaction mechanism was proposed based on these experimental results:

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“…Fig. 3(a) shows the current-time curves during the electrolysis at various applied voltages between 2.4 and 3.2 V. The current peak that appears at the beginning is related to the reduction of NiO that occurs at the metal/oxide/electrolyte three-phase interlines (3PI), and it expands with time from the initial metal wire mesh-oxide contact point on the pellet's surface to the pellet interior [10,13,22]. This result indicates that the electrochemical reduction of NiO is very fast.…”

Section: Constant Voltage Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of NdNi5 using an electrochemical reduction of a NiO–Nd2O3 mixture in molten LiCl

Ryu

Choi

et al. 2015

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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Preparation of CeNi2 intermetallic compound by direct electroreduction of solid CeO2-2NiO in molten LiCl

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

The electrochemical reduction processes of solid compounds in high temperature molten salts

The electrochemical reduction processes of solid compounds in high temperature molten salts

Neodymium electrowinning into copper-neodymium alloys by mixed oxide reduction in molten fluoride media

Preparation of NdNi5 using an electrochemical reduction of a NiO–Nd2O3 mixture in molten LiCl

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