Preparation of Chitosan from Brine Shrimp (Artemia urmiana) Cyst Shells and Effects of Different Chemical Processing Sequences on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of the Product

Tajik, Hossein; Moradi, Mehran; Rohani, Seyed Mehdi Razavi; Erfani, Amir Mehdi; Jalali, Farnood Shokouhi Sabet

doi:10.3390/molecules13061263

Cited by 75 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When the commercial chitosan was compared to the extracted chitosan, similarities were found in moisture (1.07-1.33%, respectively) and ash contents (0.59-0.61%, respectively) (p > 0.05). The results show similarities with the moisture and ash content of chitosan obtained from different sources (Artemia urmiana, snow crab processing) Tajik, Moradi, Rohani, Efrani, & Jalali, 2008).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan extracted from Metapenaeus stebbingi shells

et al. 2011

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a b s t r a c tIn this study, chitosan was extracted from Metapenaeus stebbingi shells. In order to determine physicochemical characteristics of the extracted chitosan, the yield, moisture and ash contents, degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, water and fat binding capacities, apparent viscosity and colour properties were measured using a variety of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of the chitosan extracted from M. stebbingi shells were compared to commercial chitosan. The degree of deacetylation was calculated by the titration method and elemental analysis. The molecular weight was determined by viscosimetric methods. The results of the study indicate that shrimp shells are a rich source of chitosan as 17.48% of the shell's dry weight is consisted of this material. Extracted chitosan exhibited a lower molecular weight, higher degree of deacetylation, higher viscosity and higher water and fat binding capacities compared to the commercial chitosan.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan extracted from Metapenaeus stebbingi shells

et al. 2011

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“…Degree of deacetylation (DD) value of chitosan is very important because it affects many physicochemical properties of chitosan including solubility, chemical reactivity, and biodegradability, and hence determines its appropriate applications [5,6]. No et al [7] stated that DD value must be at least 85% in order to achieve the desired solubility.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of gamma radiation and physicochemical treatment to improve the bioactive properties of chitosan extracted from shrimp shell

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study is to exploit a suitable chitosan extraction method from the chitin of indigenous shrimp shells by employing different physicochemical treatments and to improve different bioactive properties of this extracted chitosan (CS) by applying gamma radiation. Chitin was prepared from shrimp shell by pretreatment (deproteination, demineralization and oxidation). Chitosan was extracted from chitin by eight different methods varying different physicochemical parameters (reagent concentration, temperature and time) and assessed with respect to the degree of deacetylation, requirement of time and reagents. The method where chitin was repeatedly treated with 121°C for 30 min with 20 M NaOH, produced the highest degree of deacetylation (DD) value (92%) as measured by potentiometric titration, with the least consumption of time and chemicals, and thus, selected as the best suitable extraction method. For further quality improvement, chitosan with highest DD value was irradiated with different doses (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20 and 50 kGy) of gamma radiation from cobalt-60 gamma irradiator. As the radiation dose was increased, the molecular weight of the wet irradiated chitosan, as measured by the viscosimetric method, decreased from 1.16 × 105 to 1.786 × 103, 1.518 × 103, 1.134 × 103, 1.046 × 103 and 8.23 × 102 dalton, respectively. The radiation treatment of chitosan samples increased the antimicrobial activity significantly in concentration dependent manner on both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, as determined by the well-diffusion method. Four to five percent wet chitosan treated with a radiation dose range of 5.0–10.0 kGy rendered the highest antimicrobial activity with least energy and time consumption. Solubility, water binding capacity (WBC) and fat binding capacity (FBC) also improved due to irradiation of chitosan.

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“…However, bat guano had a slightly lower chitin content than cicada sloughs. Similarly, it was found that krill and Artemia cyst structures have high chitin contents, like the bat guano [28,29]. Nevertheless, bat guano will be a more prominent source compared with krill and Artemia cyst structures thanks to the natural stocks and easy collection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat guano as new and attractive chitin and chitosan source

et al. 2014

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Introduction: Chitin is a biopolymer that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods, and is found in the cell walls of fungi. It has a wide range of uses in fields such as cosmetics, pharmacy, medicine, bioengineering, agriculture, textiles and environmental engineering based upon its nontoxic, ecofriendly, biocompability and biodegradability characteristics. Commercially, chitin is obtained from processing the outer skeleton of Crustacea such as shrimp, crab, prawn and crayfish after they have been consumed as food. The study aims to examine the nature of bat guano and to determine if it is a practical source of chitin, which has not been done previously.Results: In this study, the chitin content of dry bat guano samples was found to be 28%. The bat guano, which was collected from Karacamal Cave, came from the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros. The chitosan yield of this chitin was 79%. The chitin produced from the bat guano was determined to be in the alpha form according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results. The crystallinity of the chitin and chitosan samples was calculated as 85.49 and 58.51% respectively by X-ray crystallography (XRD) experiments. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs, the chitin and chitosan structures were shaped like nanofibers. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that both chitin and chitosan had two step weight losses, which are characteristic of these materials. The nitrogen content of the chitin and chitosan was 6.47 and 7.3% respectively according to the elemental analysis results. Conclusions:In this research, it has been observed that bat guano can be considered to be an alternative source of chitin and chitosan to crab, shrimp, crayfish and krill.

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Preparation of Chitosan from Brine Shrimp (Artemia urmiana) Cyst Shells and Effects of Different Chemical Processing Sequences on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of the Product

Cited by 75 publications

References 30 publications

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan extracted from Metapenaeus stebbingi shells

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan extracted from Metapenaeus stebbingi shells

Application of gamma radiation and physicochemical treatment to improve the bioactive properties of chitosan extracted from shrimp shell

Bat guano as new and attractive chitin and chitosan source

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