Preparation of chitosan-graft N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide copolymers as an in vitro-engineered skin

Aryl ether-free polymer electrolytes for electrochemical and energy devices

“…Radiation-grafting is a useful method for the chemical modification of pre-formed, inert polymer substrates such as films, 363 powders, 364 and fibres, 365 to form useful functional materials. Radiation-grafted (RG) polymers are being investigated for use in a wide variety of applications across many fields (e.g., clean energy, environmental remediation, healthcare) including electrolyte membranes for low-and hightemperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells and membranebased water electrolysers, [366][367][368][369][370] CO 2 electrolysis to high-value chemicals; 371 CO 2 adsorbents; 365 ion exchange membranes and separators for ED/RED, [372][373][374] RFBs, 367,375,376 actuators, 377 Liion batteries, 378 and supercapacitors; 367 biofouling-resistant membranes for microfiltration; 379 materials for the recovery, extraction, and separation of inorganics including heavy metals ions; 380,381 chromatography materials for protein purification; 382 biomaterials for tissue engineering and engineered skin; 383 and UV absorbers. 384 Scheme 25 summarizes the key stages behind the most commonly encountered pre-irradiation grafting (PIG) method: 367,369,370 (1) irradiation of inert polymer substrates to ''activate'' them (functionalize with radicals or peroxide groups, both of which can initiate copolymerisation); (2) monomer grafting onto the substrates (after an N 2 purge to remove all traces of O 2 ); and (3) an optional post-graft functionalization process.…”

“…Radiation-grafted (RG) polymers are being investigated for use in a wide variety of applications across many fields ( e.g. , clean energy, environmental remediation, healthcare) including electrolyte membranes for low- and high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells and membrane-based water electrolysers, 366–370 CO 2 electrolysis to high-value chemicals; 371 CO 2 adsorbents; 365 ion exchange membranes and separators for ED/RED, 372–374 RFBs, 367,375,376 actuators, 377 Li-ion batteries, 378 and supercapacitors; 367 biofouling-resistant membranes for microfiltration; 379 materials for the recovery, extraction, and separation of inorganics including heavy metals ions; 380,381 chromatography materials for protein purification; 382 biomaterials for tissue engineering and engineered skin; 383 and UV absorbers. 384…”