Preparation of chromium-containing material of glucose tolerance factor activity from brewer's yeast extracts and by synthesis

Toepfer, Edward W.; Mertz, Walter; Polansky, Marilyn M.; Roginski, Edward E.; Wolf, Wayne R.

doi:10.1021/jf60209a056

Cited by 168 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, trivalent chromium is a trace element essential for life and is a component of glucose tolerance factor (13,21). Tokuda et al (22) demonstrated that 10 nM -1 , tM (concentrations expressed as chromium content) of glucose tolerance factor significantly stimulated glucose transport activity by rat adipocytes, while the same concentrations of Cr3+ or Cr6+ exhibited no effect, except that 1 pM Cr6+ only showed a small effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like Action of Chromate on Glucose Transport in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

Goto

Kida

1995

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-The effects of chromium compounds on 3-O-methylglucose (3-0-MG) transport were studied in isolated rat adipocytes. Sodium chromate significantly stimulated 3-0-MG uptake into adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without altering the equilibrium space of 3-0-MG in adipocytes. The stimulatory effect reached the maximum at 300 pM, and the effect was 60 -70070 of the maximal insulin effect that was obtained with 20 nM insulin. The chromate concentration achieving a half-maximal effect was estimated at 50 pM. The effect of the combination of 1 mM chromate and 20 nM insulin was equipotent to that of 20 nM insulin alone, which showed that these two effects were not additive. The stimulatory effects of 1 mM chromate and 20 nM insulin were entirely abolished in adipocytes deprived of ATP, which indicated that these effects were completely ATP-dependent.Judging from experiments using various chromium compounds, Cr042-was responsible for the insulinomimetic action. These results indicate that the action of Cr042-is exerted through a mechanism analogous to that of insulin action, and that Cr042-is a novel and useful tool for studying issues involved in insulin actions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-like Action of Chromate on Glucose Transport in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

Goto

Kida

1995

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…GTF potentiated glucose oxidation to CO2 in adipose tissue [54,60], or adipocytes [53,61]. In those studies the enhancement was shown only in the presence of insulin, and the stimulation of CO2 production by GTF in the absence of insulin was negligible [53,54,60,61].…”

Section: Grant and Mcmullenmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…GTF can be extracted from several sources, among them: liver [51], black pepper, and kidneys. Especially rich source for GTF are brewers' yeast [52,53,54,55].…”

Section: Glucose Tolerance Factor (Gtf) a Natural Anti Diabetic Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Tolerance Factor – Insulin Mimetic and Potentiating Agent – A Source for a Novel Anti Diabetic Medication

Mirsky¹

2012

Glucose Tolerance

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“…19 Chromium has been thought to be the active ingredient in glucose tolerance factor, a complex of molecules that includes glycine, cysteine, glutamic acid, nicotinic acid, and chromium. 20 This complex of molecules found in high amounts in brewer's yeast and other foods functions synergistically to potentiate the effects of insulin [21][22][23] by increasing insulin binding to cells, upregulating receptors, and improving affinity. 24 Some reports suggest that chromium could suppress appetite and stimulate thermogenesis through sensitization of insulin-sensitive glucoreceptors in the brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

Yazaki

Faridi

et al. 2010

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Background: Chromium is an essential trace element and nutritional supplement that has garnered interest for use as a weight loss aid. Objective: This trial assesses the effects of chromium picolinate supplementation, alone and combined with nutritional education, on weight loss in apparently healthy overweight adults. Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 80 otherwise healthy, overweight adults assessed at baseline for central adiposity measured by computerized tomography. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily ingestion of 1000 mg of chromium picolinate or placebo for 24 weeks. All subjects received passive nutritional education at the 12-week point in both the intervention and control groups. Outcomes include weight, height, blood pressure, percent body fat, serum, and urinary biomarkers. Results: At baseline, both the chromium and placebo groups had similar mean body mass index (BMI) (chromium ¼ 36 AE 6.7 kg=m 2 versus placebo ¼ 36.1 AE 7.6 kg=m 2 ; p ¼ 0.98). After 12 weeks, no change was seen in BMI in the intervention as compared to placebo (chromium ¼ 0.3 AE 0.8 kg=m 2 versus placebo ¼ 0.0 AE 0.4 kg=m 2 ; p ¼ 0.07). No change was seen in BMI after 24 weeks in the intervention as compared to placebo (chromium ¼ 0.1 AE 0.2 kg=m 2 versus placebo ¼ 0.0 AE 0.5 kg=m 2 ; p ¼ 0.81). Variation in central adiposity did not affect any outcome measures. Conclusions: Supplementation of 1000 mg of chromium picolinate alone, and in combination with nutritional education, did not affect weight loss in this population of overweight adults. Response to chromium did not vary with central adiposity.

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Preparation of chromium-containing material of glucose tolerance factor activity from brewer's yeast extracts and by synthesis

Cited by 168 publications

References 0 publications

Insulin-like Action of Chromate on Glucose Transport in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

Insulin-like Action of Chromate on Glucose Transport in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

Glucose Tolerance Factor – Insulin Mimetic and Potentiating Agent – A Source for a Novel Anti Diabetic Medication

A Pilot Study of Chromium Picolinate for Weight Loss

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