Preparation of cobalt oxide and tin dioxide nanofluids and investigation of their thermophysical properties

Salari, Saeed; Khavarpour, Maryam; Masoumi, Mojtaba; Mosivand, Saba

doi:10.1007/s10404-022-02585-5

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

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“…Conventional methods such as air cooling, water cooling, oil cooling, heat pipes [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], or a vapor chamber [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] are not enough to handle the large amount of heat generated by industrial processes. Therefore, nanofluid [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], a fluid with suspended nanoparticles at the nanoscale, has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing thermal conductivity. Nanofluid consists of a base fluid and nanoparticles, which can be selected from various materials such as oils, ethylene glycol, water, metals, metal oxides, metal carbides, or metal nitrides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties Related to the HLB Value of Hybrid Thermoelectric Nanofluids at Different Temperatures

Wang,

Wang

2024

Polymers

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This article aims to explore the impact of HLB (Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance) values on two key properties, namely the thermoelectric conductivities and the stability of the suspension, of a hybrid nanofluid composed of TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles. The present study employed a two-step synthesis method to prepare the polymeric nanofluid, which meant that the nanoparticles were mixed with the base fluid using an ultrasonic oscillator, which was easier and cheaper than the one-step synthesis method. To ensure that the nanoparticles remain evenly dispersed in the base fluid, two distinct polymer-emulsifier combinations with different HLB values were employed as the dispersing agents. The first pair of polymeric emulsifiers consisted of Span#20 and Tween#20, and the second pair was Span#80 and Tween#80 composed to four HLB values of 12, 13, 14, and 15. The experiment measured the properties of the nanofluid, including the particle size, Zeta potential, and thermoelectric conductivities at different temperatures from 20 °C to 50 °C. The experimental outcomes indicated that an HLB value of 13 was the best for the two sets of polymeric emulsifiers tested. This value corresponded to the most reduced particle size, measured at 170 nm, alongside the most elevated Zeta potential, recorded at −30 mV. Additionally, this HLB value was associated with the peak thermoelectric conductivity, which was 1.46 W/m∙K. This suggests that there may be some variation in the best HLB value depending on the type of polymeric emulsifiers and the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid.

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