Preparation of different polymorphs of cellulose from different acid hydrolysis medium

Mahmud, Musavvir; Perveen, Asma; Jahan, Rumana A.; Matin, Abdul; Wong, Siew Yee; Xu, Li; Arafat, M. Tarik

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.027

Cited by 106 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Chemical methods are based on the cleavage of 1-4 glycosidic bonds of cellulose chains and isolation of cellulose nanocrystals with the removal of a part of the amorphous cellulose under the action of acids [64,65]. For these purposes, the different acids are used: sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, maleic, hydrobromic, nitric, formic, p-toluenesulfonic [66][67][68]. Sulfuric acid is the most widely used acid for making NC.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Properties and Use of Nanocellulose from Non-Wood Plant Materials

Барбаш¹,

Yaschenko²

2021

Novel Nanomaterials

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The chapter describes the chemical structure and hierarchical organization of cellulose fibers, characteristics of non-wood plant raw materials (NWPM), and methods for preparing pulp and nanocellulose (NC). NWPM have the necessary reserves and properties to make up for a possible shortage of wood fiber for pulp production. The methodology for evaluating the efficiency of the delignification processes of plant raw materials is presented. A two-stage technology for producing pulp for the preparation of NC by environmentally friendly organosolvent methods of NWPM delignification is proposed. Methods for preparing nanocellulose are described. The technological parameters of the extraction of NC from pulp are discussed. The influence of NC on the properties of composite materials is analyzed. Areas of use for NC from NWPM are shown.

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Section: Preparation Of Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Properties and Use of Nanocellulose from Non-Wood Plant Materials

Барбаш¹,

Yaschenko²

2021

Novel Nanomaterials

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“…Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) is a relatively safe medium-strong acid (pK a = 2.12) without strong corrosion and oxidation. H 3 PO 4 hydrolysis has been used for the preparation of nanocellulose, such as cellulose particles [30], and cellulose nanocrystals [31][32][33][34]. H 3 PO 4 has a strong ability to form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of cellulose, which is attributed to the fact that the four O atoms in the H 3 PO 4 molecule all have strong electronegativity [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Bagasse by Phosphoric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Enables Fibrillation via a Swelling, Hydrolysis, and Oxidation Cooperative Mechanism

Wang

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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Due to the natural cellulose encapsulated in both lignin and hemicellulose matrices, as well as in plant cell walls with a compact and complex hierarchy, extracting cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from lignocellulosic biomass is challenging. In this study, a sustainable high yield strategy with respect to other CNF preparations was developed. The cellulose was liberated from plant cell walls and fibrillated to a 7–22 nm thickness in one bath treatment with H3PO4 and H2O2 under mild conditions. The cellulose underwent swelling, the lignin underwent oxidative degradation, and the hemicellulose and a small amount of cellulose underwent acid hydrolysis. The CNFs’ width was about 12 nm, with high yields (93% and 50% based on cellulose and biomass, respectively), and a 64% crystallinity and good thermal stability were obtained from bagasse. The current work suggests a strategy with simplicity, mild conditions, and cost-effectiveness, which means that this method can contribute to sustainable development for the preparation of CNFs.

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“…The balanced state between repulsive and attractive force forms the new peak in the XRD pattern of CNC. Segal's equation is applied to calculate the crystallinity index (CI) for both samples: 12 CI % ð Þ=…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CI (() %) = \frac{I_{ac} - I_{am}}{I_{ac}} \times 100

where I ac is the maximum intensity at (200) lattice plane, and I am is the minimum intensity between (110) and (200) planes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

Phong

Nhi

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: In this study, we have fabricated a polymeric material (CNC/Im) consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) synthesized from Vietnamese rice husk biomass and imidazole (Im) dopant. Next, we propose a new approach to fabricate Nafion/CNC/imidazole (NCI) composite materials by mixing the CNC/imidazole hybrid into Nafion matrix using a very simple solution method, and then investigating the influence of CNC/Im on the properties of NCI membranes. RESULTS: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the proton conductivity of the CNC/Im membrane depends on the linked molar ratio of Im to glucose units (denoted by the n index), and this value is higher than that of pure CNC by a factor of 6. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) showed that the value of the n index is around 1:17 with all the content ratios between CNC and Im. Next, we synthesized composite materials based on CNC/Im and Nafion 117 (NCI) and investigated the influence of CNC/Im on the properties of NCI membranes. The results demonstrated that proton conductivity of the NCI membranes changes according to the content of Nafion 117, and reaches the highest value of 6.19 × 10 −4 S m -1 with an Nafion 117/(CNC/Im) ratio of 2:1. It was observed that the CNC fiber bundles were surrounded by a polymer layer and no phase separation occurs in the scanning electron micrographs of NCI materials.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prepared NCI composites will be potential materials for eco-friendly fuel cell operating in low humidity conditions.

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Preparation of different polymorphs of cellulose from different acid hydrolysis medium

Cited by 106 publications

References 47 publications

Preparation, Properties and Use of Nanocellulose from Non-Wood Plant Materials

Preparation, Properties and Use of Nanocellulose from Non-Wood Plant Materials

Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers from Bagasse by Phosphoric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Enables Fibrillation via a Swelling, Hydrolysis, and Oxidation Cooperative Mechanism

Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

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