Preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing water with a platinum electrode prepared by magnetron sputtering technique

Wei, Shaonan; Shi, Liubin; Ren, Zhandong; Zhang, Ailian; Ming, Ruoxi; Chai, Bo; Zhu, Yuchan

doi:10.1039/c7ra08150b

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, it can be concluded that using only Pt as an electrocatalyst for the electrode, where the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction of chlorine takes place, is not as feasible as it seemed in the first research. Platinum is too expensive, especially considering the low electrocatalytic activity and stability it has for CER [52]. Furthermore, taking into account that the main support material is carbon, which suffers corrosion, the most viable option is to improve the structure of Pt as an electrocatalyst with the addition of other metals and thus, optimizing support materials.…”

Section: Platinum-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress in Catalysts for Hydrogen-Chlorine Regenerative Fuel Cells

et al. 2020

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The increasing energy demand and the subsequent climate change consequences are supporting the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. In this scenario, the link between hydrogen and renewable energy is playing a key role and unitized hydrogen-chlorine (H2-Cl2) regenerative cells (RFCs) have become promising candidates for renewable energy storage. Described herein are the recent advances in cell configurations and catalysts for the different reactions that may take place in these systems, that work in both modes: electrolysis and fuel cell. It has been found that platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are the best choice for the electrode where hydrogen is involved, whereas for the case of chlorine, ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts are the best candidates. Only a few studies were found where the catalysts had been tested in both modes and recent advances are focused on decreasing the amount of precious metals contained in the catalysts. Moreover, the durability of the catalysts tested under realistic conditions has not been thoroughly assessed, becoming a key and mandatory step to evaluate the commercial viability of the H2-Cl2 RFC technology.

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Section: Platinum-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrocatalytic oxidation can cause a decrease in the efficiency of Pt as a catalyst due to the formation of intermediates, which occupy the active sites. For this reason, other metals are added to improve the catalytic activity of Pt [52].…”

Section: Platinum-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Catalysts for Hydrogen-Chlorine Regenerative Fuel Cells

et al. 2020

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“…However, our experimental results showed that the maximum ORP level of HOCl was between pH 2 and 3. S. Wei et al reported similar results for EO water with low pH (2.2–2.7) and high ORP (>1100 mV) produced by electrolysis of a dilute NaCl solution in an electrolysis chamber with a Pt/Ti electrode [ 30 ]. The electrode material is the key parameter related to current efficiency and stability for the formation of active chlorine in EO water production [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The In Vivo Toxicity and Antimicrobial Properties for Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Mouthwashes

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water as a mouthwash through the evaluation of its in vivo toxicity by embryonic zebrafish and antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methodology: Each 1.5–3.0 g of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bromide (NaBr), or calcium chloride (CaCl2) were added into an electrolyzer with 300 mL of DD water to produce electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water. A zebrafish embryo assay was used to evaluate acute toxicity of specimens. Antimicrobial property was conducted with 100 μL microbial count of 1 × 108 cfu/mL S. mutans to blend with each 10 mL specimen of chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for various time points. The concentration of viable microorganisms was assessed according to individually standardized inoculum by a plate-count method. Results: Among the EO water produced from NaCl, NaBr, and CaCl2, the EO water from NaCl showed a relatively low mortality rate of zebrafish embryos and was chosen for a detailed investigation. The mortality rates for the groups treated with EO water containing 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl were not statically different from those of a negative control, however the mortality rate was 66.7 ± 26.2% in 0.2% CHX gluconate for the same treatment time of 0.5 min. All of the HOCl or 2.0% CHX gluconate groups showed >99.9% antimicrobial effectiveness against S. mutans; while the 0.2% CHX gluconate group showed a bacterial reduction rate of 87.5% and 97.1% for treatment times of 0.5 min and 1.0 min, respectively. Conclusions: Except for the 0.2% CHX gluconate, all the HOCl specimens and 2.0% CHX gluconate revealed similar antimicrobial properties (>99.9%) against S. mutans. The EO water comprised of both 0.0125% and 0.0250% HOCl showed >99.9% antimicrobial efficacy but with little in vivo toxicity, illuminating the possibility as an alternative mouthwash for dental and oral care.

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“…Ru 46,47 and Ir 48,49 electrodes have high electrolysis efficiency but poor stability. Pt electrode has good stability, 50 but its electrolysis efficiency of conventional electroplating platinum is not high. Therefore, from the point of view of electrolysis efficiency, the effects of Pt electrodes with different thermal decomposition temperatures on AEOW's pH, ORP and ACC values were systematically investigated in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of platinum electrode materials and electrolysis processes on the preparation of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water and slightly acidic electrolyzed water

et al. 2019

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Preparation of electrolyzed oxidizing water with a platinum electrode prepared by magnetron sputtering technique

Abstract: EO water has the maximum value of available chlorine content when prepared by the Pt-MS electrode due to its good selectivity for CER.

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Recent Progress in Catalysts for Hydrogen-Chlorine Regenerative Fuel Cells

Recent Progress in Catalysts for Hydrogen-Chlorine Regenerative Fuel Cells

The In Vivo Toxicity and Antimicrobial Properties for Electrolyzed Oxidizing (EO) Water-Based Mouthwashes

Effect of platinum electrode materials and electrolysis processes on the preparation of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water and slightly acidic electrolyzed water

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