Preparation of Encapsulated Breakers for Polymer Gels and Evaluation of Their Properties

Lv, Kaihe; Zhang, Guodong; Bai, Yingrui; Yang, Jingbin

doi:10.3390/gels9050387

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Compared with oxidative-breaking agents such as ammonium persulfate (APS), the encapsulated gel-breaker was beneficial in delaying the rapid degradation of the gel fracturing fluid at high temperatures [39]. The gel-breaker was selected, and the properties of the gel-breaking solution were explored in this section.…”

Section: Gel-breaking Properties Of Gel Fracturing Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Supramolecular Reinforced Gel Fracturing Fluid with Low Permeability Damage Applied in Deep Reservoir Hydraulic Fracturing

Huang,

Yao,

Dai

et al. 2023

Gels

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Gel fracturing fluid is the optimum fracturing fluid for proppant suspension, which is commonly applied in deep reservoir hydraulic fracturing. The content of polymers and crosslinkers in gel fracturing fluid is usually high to meet the needs of high-temperature resistance, leading to high costs and reservoir permeability damage caused by incomplete gel-breaking. In this paper, a supramolecular reinforced gel (SRG) fracturing fluid was constructed by strengthening the supramolecular force between polymers. Compared with single network gel (SNG) fracturing fluid, SRG fracturing fluid could possess high elasticity modulus (G′ = 12.20 Pa) at lower polymer (0.4 wt%) and crosslinker (0.1 wt%) concentrations. The final viscosity of SRG fracturing fluid was 72.35 mPa·s, meeting the temperature resistance requirement of gel fracturing fluid at 200 °C. The gel-breaking time could be extended to 90–120 min using an encapsulated gel breaker. Gel particles are formed after the gel fracturing fluid is broken. The median particle size of gel particles in the SRG-breaking solution was 126 nm, which was much smaller than that in the industrial gel (IDG) breaking fluid (587 nm). The damage of the SRG-breaking solution to the core permeability was much less than the IDG-breaking solution. The permeability damage of cores caused by the SRG-breaking solutions was only about half that of IDG-breaking solutions at 1 mD.

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Section: Gel-breaking Properties Of Gel Fracturing Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Supramolecular Reinforced Gel Fracturing Fluid with Low Permeability Damage Applied in Deep Reservoir Hydraulic Fracturing

Huang,

Yao,

Dai

et al. 2023

Gels

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Preparation and degradable mechanism of self-breaking gel valve for underbalanced drilling

Ji,

Yu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Geoenergy Science and Engineering

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Fabrication and Release Mechanism Study of a Nanocapsule Breaker for Controlling Degradation Rate of Insoluble Residue in Slickwater at Moderate-Temperature Reservoirs

Pu,

Luo,

Wang

et al. 2023

SPE Journal

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Summary In an ideal hydraulic fracturing project, the viscosity of hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) should drop to facilitate an efficient and quick fracture cleanup once proppants have been placed. Ammonium persulfate (APS) is widely used as an oxidizer breaker to degrade the insoluble residue of the HFF. However, a complex network of artificial fractures with sizes ranging from millimeters to micrometers restricts the transportation application and reaction time of standard breakers and current millimeter-sized capsule breakers. In this study, we introduce an APS nanocapsule (APS-NC) breaker, fabricated via a simple miniemulsion technique, that is capable of addressing the degradation of insoluble residue of the HFF in deep fractures. The nanocapsules are produced through precise control of the nanoprecipitation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) onto aqueous APS nanodroplets. Stable aqueous nanodroplets are generated by means of an inverse miniemulsion using Pluronic P-123 as a specific surfactant to form a large and stable water-oil internal surface referring to the long chain and amphipathic property of Pluronic P-123 molecule. Pluronic P-123 is included in the process not only to stabilize the miniemulsion and increase the precipitation efficiency of PMMA but also to function as a thermo-responsive switch for the delayed burst release of APS. The size of the resulting nanocapsules can be controlled within the 207 and 821 nm range, yielding APS up to 92%. The release rate of APS can be controlled by the initial amount of PMMA (150–300 mg), environmental temperature (40–80°C), and environmental pH (3.4–7). When the temperature was 80℃, the initial amount of Pluronic P-123 dominated the release dynamic of APS. Compared with the APS breaker in a dynamic degradation experiment, the APS-NC had a more controllable degradation profile that could cause hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) to burst degrade after 6 hours of heating at 80°C.

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Preparation of Encapsulated Breakers for Polymer Gels and Evaluation of Their Properties

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

A Supramolecular Reinforced Gel Fracturing Fluid with Low Permeability Damage Applied in Deep Reservoir Hydraulic Fracturing

A Supramolecular Reinforced Gel Fracturing Fluid with Low Permeability Damage Applied in Deep Reservoir Hydraulic Fracturing

Preparation and degradable mechanism of self-breaking gel valve for underbalanced drilling

Fabrication and Release Mechanism Study of a Nanocapsule Breaker for Controlling Degradation Rate of Insoluble Residue in Slickwater at Moderate-Temperature Reservoirs

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