Preparation of extracellular matrix of fish swim bladders by decellularization with supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract

Fish swim bladders used to be considered as byproducts or waste in fishery; however, they are potential materials for biological medicine with abundant collagen. In this work, an efficient noncytotoxic decellularization process using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ternary system assisted with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the green extraction fluid and ethanol (ET) as the cosolvent has been developed to harvest acellular fish swim bladders (AFSBs). The experimental results show that the tissue treated by SDS assisted with scCO2 and ethanol at 37 °C and 25 MPa can be decellularized thoroughly and maintains intact fibers and uniform pore distribution, which resulting in a tensile strength of 5.61 MPa and satisfactory biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the residual SDS content in scCO2/SDS/ET ternary system is 0.0122% which is significantly lower than it in scCO2/SDS system due to the enhanced mass transfer rate of SDS in tissues by scCO2 with ethanol. The synergy between SDS and ethanol can enhance the diffusion coefficient and the solubility of SDS in scCO2, which reduced the contact time between SDS and tissues. Meaningfully, the results obtained in this work can not only provide a novel strategy to produce acellular matrix with superior properties, but also offer a further understanding of the decellularization through scCO2 extraction processing with the synergy of suitable detergent/cosolvent. Graphical Abstract

Upcycling waste tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) scales through a decellularization process for extracellular matrix extraction

“…This is crucial as tissue not thoroughly decellularized may cause chronic inflammation, fibrotic encapsulation, and scar tissue formation response during in-vivo remodeling [49]. DNA content results falling within the accepted range reported in previous studies [46], reduce the potential for immunological activation or inflammation if used as a biomaterial scaffold.…”

“…In contrast, the dECM samples showed an absence of cellular nuclei, which shows its removal after decellularization (figures 1(b)-(g)). The blue or purple stains represent the cellular structure, while the proteins appear pink, enabling a clear visualization and differentiation of cellular nuclei and protein structure [46]. Upon examination of the dECM images, both TX-100 and SDS detergents, at varying concentrations, effectively decellularized the tilapia scales.…”

Collagen type II solution extracted from supercritical carbon dioxide decellularized porcine cartilage: regenerative efficacy on post-traumatic osteoarthritis model

“…In addition, it assesses numerous biological interventions in small animal models (Sambamurthy et al 2018 ; Bansal et al 2020 ). In the present study, we used collagen type II solution (Col II) extracted from scCO2 decellularized porcine cartilage graft (dPCG) (Duarte et al 2022 ; Han et al 2023 ; Antons et al 2018 ; You et al 2018 ) and the therapeutic efficacy for knee cartilage regeneration is equated to commercially available therapeutic viscosupplementation hyaluronic acid in the meniscal transaction (MNX)-induced rat OA.…”