“…Magnetic nanoparticles are generally made from Ni, Fe, Co and the metal oxides of these metals, which normally exhibits strong magnetic properties, i.e., ferromagnetism, e.g., magnetite (Fe3O4) (Ali et al, 2015c), maghemite, and CoFe2O4 (Yang et al, 2021a;Ali et al, 2020b;Zhang et al, 2013). The methods preparing MNPs consist of coprecipitation synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, and solvothermal synthesis.…”