Preparation of Fucoxanthin Nanoemulsion Stabilized by Natural Emulsifiers: Fucoidan, Sodium Caseinate, and Gum Arabic

Abstract

This study was proposed to investigate the possibility of O/W nanoemulsion stabilization via natural emulsifiers as a delivery system for fucoxanthin. Nanoemulsions were prepared using ultrasonic treatment (150 W, amplitude 80%, 10 min) with different levels (0.5%, 1%, and 2% wt) of fucoidan, gum Arabic, and sodium caseinate as natural emulsifires and they were compared with tween 80. Then, the creaming index, stability, encapsulation efficacy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and in vitro release were evaluated. The best stability and lowest creaming index were observed at 2% wt of emulsifiers. Nanoemulsions with droplet sizes (113.27–127.50 nm) and zeta potentials (−32.27 to −58.87 mV) were prepared. The droplet size of nanoemulsions was reduced by increasing the emulsifier concentration, and the best nanoemulsion stability after 15 days of storage was in the following order: tween 80 > sodium caseinate > fucoidan > gum Arabic. The encapsulation efficacy of nanoemulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate, fucoidan, and gum Arabic were 88.51 ± 0.11%, 79.32 ± 0.09%, and 60.34 ± 0.13%, respectively. The in vitro gastrointestinal fucoxanthin release of nanoemulsion stabilized with tween 80, sodium caseinate, fucoidan, and gum Arabic were 85.14 ± 0.16%, 76.91 ± 0.34%, 71.41 ± 0.14%, and 68.98 ± 0.36%, respectively. The release of fucoxanthin from nanoemulsions followed Fickian diffusion. The FTIR also confirmed the encapsulation of fucoxanthin.

Orally Deliverable Sequence-Targeted Fucoxanthin-Loaded Biomimetic Extracellular Vesicles for Alleviation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…From the FTIR spectrum of Figure S2A, the main characteristic peaks of GA were seen at 2923 cm –1 (O–H bond stretching), 2850 cm –1 (CH bond stretching), and 1929 cm –1 (CCC bond stretching) . After LpEVs loading FX by ultrasonic treatment, the FX-related characteristic peaks disappeared, while after GA-LpEVs loading FX, not only the FX characteristic peaks disappeared but also the characteristic peaks of GA-LpEVs at 2886 and 1645 cm –1 remained (Figure S2B).…”

A sustainable and self-healable silk fibroin nanocomposite with antibacterial and drug eluting properties for 3D printed wound dressings

“…3B) indicates that the OS spectrum consists of four main peaks corresponding to CQO, C-OH, C-C, and C-O bonds. 51 The shoulder at 1664.29 cm À1 is ascribed to the stretching vibration of aldehyde groups. 52,53 Due to the formation of the acetal group between the aldehyde and OH groups of OS, the peak of aldehyde in the OS spectrum is broad and discernible.…”

Emulsion-Based Delivery Systems to Enhance the Functionality of Bioactive Compounds: Towards the Use of Ingredients from Natural, Sustainable Sources

“…Other algae polysaccharides such as fucoidan have been found to have a good emulsifying capacity, especially when isolated by using microwaves, presenting also antioxidant activity [ 116 , 117 ]. This polysaccharide has shown to form emulsions with higher stability and fucoxanthin encapsulation efficiency than Arabic gum [ 118 ]. Moreover, it has been used in combination with other biopolymer, forming complexes.…”