Preparation of Gelatin/Carrageenan-Based Color-Indicator Film Integrated with Shikonin and Propolis for Smart Food Packaging Applications

Abstract

Gelatin/carrageenan-based functional intelligent film was fabricated by incorporating shikonin and propolis. The shikonin solution extracted from the gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) root showed excellent pH-responsive color-changing properties in the broad pH range of 2–12 with good gas sensing and color stability properties. The bioactive functional filler materials (propolis and shikonin) were evenly dispersed in the gelatin/carrageenan matrix. The blending of propolis and shikonin enhanced the composite film’s UV blocking property without decreasing much transparency. The mechanical, thermal, and vapor barrier properties of the film were not considerably affected by blending the functional fillers. The addition of propolis and shikonin provided the gelatin/carrageenan composite film with outstanding functional properties (antimicrobial activity and high antioxidant function). The intelligent film was successfully used to monitor the freshness of packaged milk. The intelligent film with functional properties is beneficial in enabling food safety and extending the shelf life of food by monitoring the quality of food.

Development of Multifunctional Pullulan/Chitosan-Based Composite Films Reinforced with ZnO Nanoparticles and Propolis for Meat Packaging Applications

“…With the addition of propolis, no remarkable difference in the bactericidal action was observed against either bacteria, signifying no antimicrobial activity of the polyphenolic extract. Similar results were obtained previously [34]. However, as expected, the antimicrobial action of the films was boosted with the blending of ZnONPs.…”

“…Adding ZnONPs improves the antimicrobial properties and helps enhance the physical properties, like the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties, of the packaging films [29][30][31]. As a potential antioxidant filler, the bioactive natural compound propolis plays a useful role due to its flavonoids, essential oils, waxes, and pollen [32][33][34][35]. Propolis is a complex mixture mainly obtained from honey bees, and it is a well-known, naturally occurring multifunctional material used since ancient times.…”

Antimicrobial Food Packaging Based on Prodigiosin-Incorporated Double-Layered Bacterial Cellulose and Chitosan Composites

“…Hence, to mitigate the synthetic plastic waste-related issues, the growing interest in biopolymers and their application for the development of biodegradable packaging solutions has intensified [4,5]. Concerning the biopolymers used as the basis for obtaining biodegradable materials, several options have been evaluated regarding both, synthetic biopolymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates [6,7], polylactic acids [8], and poly-(butylene succinate) [9], or natural biopolymers, such as chitosan (CH) [10,11], gelatin [12,13], alginate [14], starch [15], or bacterial cellulose (BC) [16,17]. BC is already produced as a nanomaterial, with remarkable intrinsic properties, namely the high porosity combined with the high surface area and biodegradability [18].…”

Gelatin/Carrageenan-Based Functional Films with Carbon Dots from Enoki Mushroom for Active Food Packaging Applications

“…The peak around 1632 cm -1 was due to the peptide bonds produced by the amine and carbonyl groups of gelatins. The peak at 915 cm -1 and 844 cm -1 corresponded to 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose and galactose-4-sulfate of carrageenan 3 . The wideband around 3285 cm -1 was due to the O-H stretching and the intermolecular or intramolecular H-bonding, and peaks at 2940 and 2880 cm -1 were due to the C-H stretching vibration of the carrageenan's methylene and methyl groups 10 .…”

“…The WVP of all the films was measured gravimetrically using a WVP cup following the ASTM E96-95 standard method 3 . The WVP cup was first filled with a prescribed amount of water and then covered with films, sealed, and kept in the controlled environmental chamber (25 o C and 50% RH).…”