Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles With Narrow Size Distributions and Well Defined Shapes

Abstract

In this contribution, we present the results of recent experiments with the objective of tailoring the size and shape of gold nanoparticles with nanosecond laser pulses. The technique is based on the size and shape dependent surface plasmon resonance frequencies of metal nanoparticles. In our recent experiments gold nanoparticles were prepared by deposition of atoms on dielectric substrates followed by diffusion and nucleation. This usually results in ensembles of oblate nanoparticles with a broad size and shape distribution. Irradiating the gold particles during growth with nanosecond laser pulses makes it possible to produce nanoparticles with a predetermined axial ratio independent of size. For example, irradiating gold nanoparticles with a photon energy of 1.65 eV during growth stabilizes an axial ratio of a/b = 0.14, a being the short axis and b the long axis of the ellipsoidal nanoparticles. Furthermore, post-growth irradiation permits tailoring the average size of the nanoparticles by laser induced surface diffusion and evaporation of atoms. In principle, it is possible to eliminate all particles of undesired sizes by choosing the appropriate photon energies. We demonstrate that narrowing of the width of the surface plasmon resonance from initially 0.52 eV (half width at half maximum) to 0.2 eV is possible by using a single laser frequency. Combining both methods, i.e. laser irradiation during and after growth, finally results in a narrow size and shape distribution of the particles.

Investigation of nanoparticle generation during femtosecond laser ablation of metals

“…They can be formed in different ways and the synthesis of nanoparticles of controlled size is a challenge [1][2][3]. In fact, almost all natural and laboratory plasmas are sources of nanoparticles.…”

Irradiation of supported gold and silver nanoparticles with continuous-wave, nanosecond, and femtosecond laser light: a comparative study

“…Irradiation of nanoparticle ensembles with ns pulsed laser light (hν = 1.9 eV) leads to a selective tailoring of the resonant nanoparticles and to a significant narrowing of the line width from 0.52 eV to 0.2 eV. 33 Furthermore, an increase of the extinction at higher photon energies is observed, indicating that the surface plasmon resonance of the excited nanoparticles have altered their size and shape towards smaller and more spherical nanoparticles.…”

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] But tailoring selectively the size and/or shape of nanoparticles is still challenging and only a few experiments are dealing with this topic. 6,20,21,30,31 While in most experiments only ns pulsed laser light have been used successfully to tailor supported nanoparticles selectively, 20,21,[32][33][34] detailed investigations about tailoring nanoparticles with cw or fs pulsed laser light are still lacking.…”

Nd3+ doped LiB3O5 polymer laser operated nanocomposites

“…concentration. However, also the size distribution of the NP should play here crucial role [12]. The additional sonification allow to perform the more precise separation of the nanoparticles with respect to their sizes.…”