Preparation of Graphene Oxide Sand Composites as Super Adsorbent for Water Purification Application

Abstract

This paper describes a method to synthesize a graphene oxide sand composites (GSC) as filter media (absorbent) for water purification. Graphene oxides is synthesized from graphite using modification of Hummer's method. The graphene oxide sand composites is prepared through solution method at 100 °C. The graphene oxide is analyzed using XRD, FTIR to confirm its formation. The FTIR spectrum and XRD diffraction pattern confirmed that the graphene oxide synthesized by this method is able to convert graphite into graphene oxide. Performance tests were conducted using a column to purify contaminated water which was mimicked using dyes such as rhodamine B, methylene blue and methyl orange.The initial concentration for all dyes were set for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm. The color removal for methylene blue was 100% at all concentrations. However, for the rhodamine B and methyl orange, the color removal achieved 100% for the first three concentration 5, 10 and 25 ppm. The higher concentration of 50 and 100 ppm, the removal were slightly reduced. For the 50 ppm, the color removal of rhodamine B was 98% and for methyl orange 87% respectively. At 100 ppm, the color removal for rhodamine B drops to 92% and for the methyl orange was only 77% respectively. The GSC was very effective to remove methylene blue dyes at any concentration followed by rhodamine B and methyl orange. This GSC composite material is potential to be applied for water purification.

Coated material (Graphene oxide coated sand) as a new approach in wastewater treatment field: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

“…modified Hummer method was used for preparation of graphene oxide powder Andrijanto et al [13]. A 9:1 mixture of two concentrated sulphuric acids (H2SO4, 98%) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4, 70%) was added to the conical flask, then (3 gram) from the original graphite powder (>150 μm) was put in the flask.…”

Adsorption Kinetics for the Removal of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange by Using Super Sand

“…Preparation of graphene oxide was done by improved hummers method (Andrijanto et al, 2018), 360 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid ( 98% , Aldrich, Germany ) was mixed with 40 ml phosphoric acid (70%, Aldrich, USA) in a Pyrex beaker and put into the 1000 ml conical flask which contains 3 gram of graphite powder (150 µm, Ultra-fine graphite, Germany ). After that, the chiller was switched on and antifreeze was allowed to flow through the recycling condenser.…”

“…The step followed by the equilibrium experiment was express the effect of temperature and initial concentration with constant contact time. This included take a range of concentration (50,100,150,160,180,200) ppm (Andrijanto et al, 2018), from each type of dyes basic dye (methylene blue) and acidic dye (methyl orange ) at different temperature degrees (20, 25, 30, 35) • C with constant contact time (3 hr), each experiment was done by taking (1 gram) from the adsorbent material (super sand ) and it was putted in a Pyrex flask with (30 ml) from the dye stock solution then the adsorption process was done at the desired temperature with continuous stirring for three hours, this procedure repeated with each concentration from the two dyes at each temperature. When the time of experiment finished the solution filtrate in the filtration apparatus after that measured the absorbance of the dyes after adsorption.…”

Characterization and efficiency of chitosan zinc-oxide nano-adsorbent coated sand filter bed for milk processing industry wastewater treatment

“…Many researchers have studied the adsorption characteristics of pollutants on the metal oxides coated with sand. The nano-adsorbent glazed with sand is capable of adsorbing the pollutants at lower concentrations [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”