Preparation of graphite nanoplatelets and graphene sheets

Graphene has attracted much attention from researchers due to its interesting mechanical, electrochemical, and electronic properties. It has many potential applications such as polymer filler, sensor, energy conversion, and energy storage devices. Graphene-based nanocomposites are under an intense spotlight amongst researchers. A large amount of graphene is required for preparation of such samples. Lately, graphene-based materials have been the target for fundamental life science investigations. Despite graphene being a much sought-after raw material, the drawbacks in the preparation of graphene are that it is a challenge amongst researchers to produce this material in a scalable quantity and that there is a concern about its safety. Thus, a simple and efficient method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is greatly desired to address these problems. In this work, one-pot chemical oxidation of graphite was carried out at room temperature for the preparation of large-area GO with ∼100% conversion. This high-conversion preparation of large-area GO was achieved using a simplified Hummer's method from large graphite flakes (an average flake size of 500 µm). It was found that a high degree of oxidation of graphite could be realized by stirring graphite in a mixture of acids and potassium permanganate, resulting in GO with large lateral dimension and area, which could reach up to 120 µm and ∼8000 µm 2 , respectively. The simplified Hummer's method provides a facile approach for the preparation of large-area GO.

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“…The components are in agreement with the results in the literature for similar C1 s band shapes. 13,27,28 These X-ray …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple room-temperature preparation of high-yield large-area graphene oxide

Huang

Lim²,

Chia³

et al. 2011

IJN

343

116

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNT), both single [1,2] and multi-walled [3,4], graphene (G) [5][6][7][8] or graphitic nanofillers made of a few layers of graphene [9][10][11][12] are used to improve properties such as mechanical reinforcement, electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal and flame resistance, of thermoplastic [13][14][15], elastomeric [14][15][16][17][18] and thermoset [19][20][21] matrices. Such nanosized carbon allotropes can be dispersed as individual particles in the polymer matrix and, thanks to their high surface area, can establish large interaction with the polymer, much larger than the one observed with nanostructured carbon black (CB), whose primary particles are fused together to form aggregates [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Master curves for the sulphur assisted crosslinking reaction of natural rubber in the presence of nano- and nano-structured sp2 carbon allotropes

Musto¹,

Barbera²,

Cipolletti³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this paper, master curves are reported for the crosslinking of a diene rubber with a sulphur based system in the presence of either nano-or nano-structured carbon allotropes, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), a nanosized graphite with high surface area (HSAG) and carbon black (CB). Poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) from Hevea Brasiliensis was the diene rubber and crosslinking was performed in temperatures ranging from 151 to 180°C, with carbon allotropes below and above their percolation threshold. Such carbon allotropes were characterized by different aspect ratio, surface area and pH. However, in the crosslinking reaction, they revealed common behaviour. In fact, the specific interfacial area could be used to correlate crosslinking parameters, such as induction time (t s1 ) and activation energy (E a ) calculated by applying the autocatalytic model. Monotonous decrease of t s1 and increase of E a were observed, with points lying on master curves, regardless of the nature of the carbon allotropes. Remarkable differences were however observed in the structure of the crosslinking network: when the carbon allotrope was above the percolation threshold much larger crosslinking density was obtained in the presence of CNT whereas composites based on HSAG became soluble in hydrocarbon solvent, after the reaction with a thiol. Proposed explanation of these results is based on the reactivity of carbon allotropes with sulphur and sulphur based compounds, demonstrated through the reaction of 1-dodecanethiol and sulphur with CNT and HSAG and with a model substrate such as anthracene.

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“…The peak at 540 cm -1 can be attributed to inter-atomic vibration metal oxide (M-O) bond which signifies the presence of Ni-O and Co-O in the catalyst. The peaks at wave number 1450-1560 cm -1 can be assigned to stretching vibrational C=O bond which signifies the presence of oxygenated functional group as confirmed by the XPS analysis in Figure 5 [46]. The peaks at wave number 2000-2350 cm -1 can be assigned to stretching vibration C=C bond which signifies the formation of the MLG on the bimetallic Co-Ni oxide/Al2O3 substrate.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Mlgmentioning

confidence: 60%

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Layer Graphene Growth on Co-Ni Oxide/Al2O3 Substrate Using Chemical Vapour Deposition

Ali

Rashid

Hamidon

et al. 2018

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The synthesis and characterization of multilayer graphene (MLG) growth on bimetallic Co-Ni oxide/Al2O3 substrate using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were investigated. The synthesis of MLG was performed at a temperature range of 700-900 o C. Characterization was carried out using TGA, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The MLG growth on the bimetallic substrate was confirmed by XRD, FESEM, and HRTEM analysis. TGA and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate the formation of thermally stable and high-quality MLG. The kinetic growth of MLG was investigated by varying the reaction temperature and monitoring the partial pressure of the ethanol (C2H5OH) as well as that of hydrogen. The data obtained were fitted to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model for the estimation of the reaction rate constants at different temperatures. The results showed that the reaction rate constant increased with temperature and the apparent activation energy of 13.72 kJ.mol -1 was obtained indicating a relatively fast rate of MLG growth. The parity plot obtained for the comparison of the predicted and observed rate of C2H5OH consumptions showed an excellent agreement. This study is important for understanding the growth kinetics of MLG in order to develop appropriate measures that can control the production of MLG thin films for use in the electronic industries.

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Preparation of graphite nanoplatelets and graphene sheets

Cited by 401 publications

References 26 publications

Simple room-temperature preparation of high-yield large-area graphene oxide

Simple room-temperature preparation of high-yield large-area graphene oxide

Master curves for the sulphur assisted crosslinking reaction of natural rubber in the presence of nano- and nano-structured sp2 carbon allotropes

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Layer Graphene Growth on Co-Ni Oxide/Al2O3 Substrate Using Chemical Vapour Deposition

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