Preparation of high surface area activated carbon from Eupatorium adenophorum using K2CO3 activation by microwave heating

Xia, Hongying; Peng, Jinhui; Zhang, Libo

doi:10.1515/gps-2015-0025

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among the alkaline chemical activating agents, KOH and K2CO3 are preferred (Babel and Jurewicz 2008;Xia et al 2015). Hayashi et al (2000) examined the influence of the activating reagents K2CO3 and KOH on the pore structure of KL-ACs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of K2CO3-Activated Kraft Lignin Carbon

Li¹,

Luo²,

Dou³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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A series of activated carbons (ACs) were prepared by K2CO3 activation from kraft lignin (KL) that was recovered from papermaking black liquor. The effects of process parameters such as the activation temperature (AT), activated period, K2CO3 to KL mass ratio, and N2 flow rate on the characteristics of the final product were determined. The ACs were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, morphology, and fractal dimension analyses. The results showed that the AT was the main factor influencing the yield, surface area, and pore structure. The yield of ACs obviously decreased from 50.6% to 20.5% with increasing AT from 600 °C to 1000 °C, and decreased with increasing K2CO3/KL mass ratio. Activation time and N2 flow rate had slight effect on the yield of ACs. The surface area and total pore volume increased as the AT rose to 900 °C and then decreased with further increases in temperature. The maximum surface area and total pore volume were 1816.3 m 2 /g and 1.26 cm 3 /g, respectively, at a K2CO3 to KL mass ratio of 3:1, AT of 900 °C, activation time of 2 h, and N2 flow rate of 70 cm 3 /min. The pore structure of the ACs could be tailored by controlling the AT. As the AT was increased from 700 to 1000 °C, the mesoporosity increased from 11.6% to 95.9%. SEM images indicated that the morphology of ACs was modified by the AT. The K2CO3 was partially recycled.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of K2CO3-Activated Kraft Lignin Carbon

Li¹,

Luo²,

Dou³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…On the other hand, calcining the pomace led to the destruction of functional groups within the structure as shown in the biochar FTIR spectra. The absorption band at 1599 cm –1 is attributed to the CC symmetrical stretching in the carbonaceous composition of the char …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption band at 1599 cm −1 is attributed to the CC symmetrical stretching in the carbonaceous composition of the char. 19 Figure 2a−c shows the SEM images of the pomace biomass, demonstrating a bulky material with a nonporous structure. This is in line with the calculated surface area and pore volume of 0.42 m 2 •g −1 and 0.000 005 cm 3 •g −1 , respectively, as seen in Table 1.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization and Kinetic Modeling Concerning Combustion of Waste Berry Pomace

Osman

Young

Farrell

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Herein waste biomass (blackberry pomace) was physicochemically characterized and its thermochemical products. This is coupled with the evaluation of the kinetic triplet (activation energy, pre-exponential constant and the rate of reaction) and thermal predictions for the combustion process for the first time via the AKTS thermokinetics package. The main kinetic modelling method employed was the differential iso-conversional analysis; however, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and ASTM E-698 methods were used as a comparison. The model was developed and validated from experimental DSC and TGA data; resulting in an excellent match (R 2 = 0.99544 and 0.99194, respectively). The activation energies were evaluated using the ASTM-E698 method (88.64 kJ.mol -1 ) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall methods (50-140 kJ.mol -1 ). The differential iso-conversional method showed activation energy values were in the range of 84-197 kJ.mol -1 for the combustion of berry pomace. Isothermal predictions based on the model indicated at temperatures of 560 o C and 600 o C; the reaction had achieved 100% completion (=1) after 30 and 6 minutes, respectively. For the non-isothermal prediction, the heating rates of 50, 75 and 100 °C/min have a two-stage rate profile with a maximum peak in the first stage of the reaction. Thereafter, the reaction rate increases once again but not to the same effect as the first initial stage. For instance, at 100 °C/min, stage 1 and 2 are reported as 0.005381 and 0.005148 s -1 , respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates the success of the approach in modelling the thermochemical conversion of berry pomace as waste stream biomass.

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