Preparation of highly conductive polyurethane/polypyrrole composite film for flexible electric heater

Abstract

In this work, a rationally flexible polyurethane (PU)/polypyrrole (PPy) electric heater was fabricated through the combined use of wet process and in situ polymerization, and their structures and electrical properties with different Py/FeCl3 ratios were investigated. The electric heating behavior of films can be facilely adjusted by electrical properties and input voltages. The results showed that the obtained PU/PPy composite film possesses good thermal stability and has a low electric resistance of about 10.5 Ω sq−1. Accordingly, electric heating behavior of the composite film with the Py/FeCl3 ratio of 1/2 was capable of heating a substrate up to 110°C at 7 V in 28 s from room temperature and then when heated to 1st to 10th cycle at 6 V showed no energy loss, exhibiting excellent stability and recyclability. Herein, the availability PU/PPy composite film will have a potential application in flexible electric heater.

High-Efficiency Electro/Solar-Driven Wearable Heater Tailored by Superelastic Hollow-Porous Polypyrrole/Polyurethane/Zirconium Carbide Fibers for Personal Cold Protection

“…In addition, the electrical conductivity and electrothermal conversion effect of the fibers reported in this paper are better than that of most electrothermal conversion textiles reported in the literature. 2,14,26,36,37 The results presented that PPZrF-3 has a robust electrothermal conversion effect, showing an astonishing development potential and application prospect in personal cold protection.…”

Electro-thermal properties and characterization of the flexible polyurethane-graphene nanocomposite films

“…Most of the research on polymer/graphene composites focused on improving the electrical, mechanical [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], and thermal properties [39][40][41], and the influence of filler loading and percolation threshold [4,[42][43][44].…”

“…Moreover, due to the potential of the conductive film to be a heating usage based on Joule's law, these films can use as energy storage devices or electrical heaters [45] whose flexibility bestows wearable applications besides thermal usage. The importance of using them in health monitoring sensors, temperature regulating or heating in wearable devices like smart clothes, and car seats, and use in defrosting applications, has attracted the interest of researchers and many efforts have been made in this direction [43,[46][47][48][49][50][51].…”

Influence of the chemical structure of diisocyanate on the electrical and thermal properties of in situ polymerized polyurethane–graphene composite films

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The majority of papers on flexible conductive composites, on the other hand, have used complicated methodologies and investigated the effects of filler concentration and percolation thresholds. 5,[36][37][38] There have also been reports on the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of PU nanocomposites with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). [39][40][41][42][43] As a class of materials composed of organic units, PUs are thermoplastic or thermoset polymers formed by two segments including (a) polymeric macromolecules with hydroxyl-group terminals such as polyols, polyamines, and polyesters as a soft segment and (b) diisocyanate reacting with a low-molecularweight diol or diamine as a hard segment.…”

“…26–35 The majority of papers on flexible conductive composites, on the other hand, have used complicated methodologies and investigated the effects of filler concentration and percolation thresholds. 5,36–38 There have also been reports on the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of PU nanocomposites with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). 39–43…”