Preparation of Highly Stable and Cost-Efficient Antiviral Materials for Reducing Infections and Avoiding the Transmission of Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The current global pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has demonstrated the necessity to develop novel materials with antimicrobial and antiviral activities to prevent the infection. One significant route for the spread of diseases is by the transmission of the virus through contact with contaminated surfaces. Antiviral surface treatments can help to reduce or even avoid these hazards. In particular, the development of active-virucidal fabrics or paints represents a very important challenge with multiple applications in hospitals, public transports, or schools. Modern, cutting-edge methods for creating antiviral surface coatings use either materials with a metal base or sophisticated synthetic polymers. Even if these methods are effective, they will still face significant obstacles in terms of large-scale applicability. Here, we describe the preparation of fabrics and paints treated with a scaled-up novel nanostructured biohybrid material composed of very small crystalline phosphate copper(II) nanoparticles, synthesized based on a technology that employs the use of a small amount of biological agent for its formation at room temperature in aqueous media. We demonstrate the efficient inactivation of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, and non-enveloped human rhinovirus 14 (HRV-14) (>99.9%) using an inexpensive, ecologically friendly coating agent. The reactive oxygen species produced during the oxidation of water or the more intensive reaction with hydrogen peroxide are believed to be the cause of the antiviral mechanism of the nanostructured material. In contrast to the release of a specific antiviral drug, this process does not consume the surface coating and does not need regeneration. A 12-month aging research that revealed no decline in antiviral activity is proof that the coating is durable in ambient circumstances. Also, the coated fabric can be reused after different washing cycles, even at moderate to high temperatures.

Silver Coordination Polymers Driven by Adamantoid Blocks for Advanced Antiviral and Antibacterial Biomaterials

“…aeruginosa), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which explains the urgent need for new antibacterial agents and disinfectants. − Viral infections carry a risk of severe illness and even death, of which the recent COVID-19 pandemic is a stark example . Moreover, viruses such as human adenoviruses 36 (HAdV-36) and 5 (HAdV-5) can cause infectious obesity .…”

The Influence of the Q-SUN and UV-B Irradiation on the Antiviral Properties of the PP Films Covered with the Coatings Based on ZnO Nanoparticles and TiO2

“…This virus, which is highly communicable, is mainly transmitted though respiratory droplets and aerosols during human-to-human interactions [3] or indirectly through physical contact, usually via the hands after being deposited on surfaces, such as packaging [2]. The spread of virus particles has demonstrated the necessity to develop novel materials with antimicrobial properties to prevent the infection of current viruses and yet-unknown variants that could appear in the future [1][2][3][4]. Antiviral surface material treatments may influence virus particles through a reduction in their number or can directly avoid these hazards [4].…”

“…The spread of virus particles has demonstrated the necessity to develop novel materials with antimicrobial properties to prevent the infection of current viruses and yet-unknown variants that could appear in the future [1][2][3][4]. Antiviral surface material treatments may influence virus particles through a reduction in their number or can directly avoid these hazards [4]. Consequently, the use of highly efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly antiviral coatings on surfaces or as an external packaging material layer could be a reasonable solution to mitigate the transmission of viral diseases.…”

Recent Advances on the Design and Applications of Antimicrobial Nanomaterials

“…The potential effect of nanoparticles in comparison with bulk material is because of the nanoscale size provides a large surface-area-to-volume ratio that maximises the contact area and reactivity of the material, resulting in increased in catalytic properties, including the antibacterial [11][12][13][14] and antiviral activity [15,16].…”