Preparation of hollow carbon nanocages by iodine-assisted heat treatment

Teng, Shang Jun; Wang, Xiao Xia; Xia, Bao Yu; Wang, Jiannong

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.076

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An electrochemical study of the Pt catalyst (45 wt %, based on theoretical calculation and determined by thermogravimetry analysis) supported on CNCs (Pt/CNC (NH 4 Cl)) was performed. For comparison, the catalyst supported on CNCs from acid treatment (Pt/CNC (acid)) according to the method reported in our previous publication [31] and the catalyst supported on conventional carbon black (Pt/CB, 45 wt %) were also prepared by the same process. reveals that the average size of the Pt particles on the support is about 3.0 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH₄Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

Teng

Wang

Xia

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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Empty cages: Iron/graphite core–shell nanoparticles are produced by pyrolysis of a mixture of acetylene and iron carbonyl. Then, the core–shell nanoparticles are heat treated in the range of 300–500 °C in the presence of NH4Cl. After filtration in water, the trapped iron particles are completely removed and hollow carbon nanocages with a good graphitic structure are obtained (see graphic).

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confidence: 99%

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH₄Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

Teng

Wang

Xia

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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“…Regarding to the TEM analysis, the CNC that synthesized from PPy at temperature 750 o C is selected as the best CNC support, based on the successful formation of hollow structure in the middle of the carbon material as shown in figure 1b(ii). Besides that, the thick ring shape can also be seen in TEM image, as the proven of the carbon cage shape [33]. But, the lattice structure of CNC cannot clearly be seen in the TEM because of limitation of the instrument, which is normally be observed clearly under high resolution TEM [38].…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterization and Performance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CNC support is an attractive material in many applications such as absorbent [29], catalysis [30], batteries [31], and supercapasitor [32]. On the other hand, CNC has a broad spectrum in catalytic application because of its properties such as hollow structure with graphitic shells, and high electrocatalytic activity as a catalyst support [33]. In this paper, the synthesis of CNC support from polymer source such as polyaniline (PANi), Polypyrrole (Ppy) and Poly vinyl acetate (PVac) as catalyst support has been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential of Pt-Ru Supported Carbon Nanocage (CNC) Electrocatalystfor Future DMFC

Ramli¹,

Kamarudin²,

Zainoodin³

et al. 2019

IJIE

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A new type of support which is carbon nanocage (CNC) has been introduced and synthesized by pyrolysis method using MgO metal as the template of CNC. Three types of polymers which are PANi, PPy and PVAc have been chosen as carbon source for the CNC production that synthesized at temperature range of 600-900 o C, under N2 gas flow. All synthesized CNCs were characterized using TEM analysis to study their morphologies. From TEM characterization, the best CNC will be doped with Pt-Ru catalyst for the electrochemical test and DMFC performance. Based on XRD analysis, the estimated particle size of Pt-Ru/CNC obtained is smaller than commercial carbon black support, Pt-Ru/C. In BET analysis, the surface area of CNC support and Pt-Ru/CNC are 416 m 2 g-1 and 154.53 m 2 g-1 respectively, which consider a high surface area and good property as a catalyst. In electrochemical evaluation of cyclic voltammetry, the Pt-Ru/CNC electrocatalyst shows higher electrochemical surface active (ECSA) value than Pt-Ru/C, which are 16.9 m 2 g-1 and 6.2 m 2 g-1 , respectively. This result indicates that the ECSA value of Pt-Ru/CNC 1.7 times larger than Pt-Ru/CNC. Meanwhile, from the DMFC-single cell test, the Pt-Ru/CNC with 40 % (catalyst wt. %) achieved more than 6.0 mW cm-2 of power density performance, which is higher than the Pt-Ru/C. These results can be attributed to the high BET surface area of CNC support and Pt-Ru on CNC support. It can be concluded that Pt-Ru supported CNC is a superior candidate for future DMFC anode electrocatalyst.

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“…It is already proven that these carbons exhibit extraordinary performance as electrocatalyst supports and as electrode materials (e.g. for fuel cells, double-layer capacitors and lithium ion batteries) (Su et al 2005b;Wang et al 2007Wang et al , 2008Sevilla et al 2008a;Xia et al 2008;Shanahan et al 2008;Sheng and Wang 2008;Teng et al 2010). The performance improvement is explained by the large surface, specific porosity (short pores) and graphitic nature of their pore walls (Wang et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous graphitic materials obtained from carbonization of organic xerogels doped with transition metal salts

et al. 2014

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Porous carbons with a well developed graphitic phase were obtained via the pyrolysis of FeCl 3-, NiCl 2-, and CoCl 2-doped organic xerogels. Doping was realized through salt solubilization in a water/methanol solution of resorcinol and furfural. Carbon xerogels with tailored particles, porous morphology and various degrees of graphitization were obtained depending of the water/methanol ratio and the salt content and type in the starting solution of substrates. When obtained via pyrolysis, carbon xerogels retain the overall open-celled structure exhibiting depleted microporosity and a well-developed mesoporic region that expands into macropores. The removal of metal leads to carbon xerogels with specific surface areas between 170 and 585 m 2 /g and pore volume up to 0•76 cm 3 /g. The possibility of enhancing the porosity of xerogels via templating with colloidal silica was also investigated. It was assumed that from the three investigated salts, FeCl 3 makes the best choice for graphitization catalyst precursor to obtain uniformly graphitized mesoporous carbon xerogels. The obtained carbon samples were characterized by means of SEM, TEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, N 2 physisorption and thermogravimetric analysis.

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Preparation of hollow carbon nanocages by iodine-assisted heat treatment

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH₄Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH₄Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential of Pt-Ru Supported Carbon Nanocage (CNC) Electrocatalystfor Future DMFC

Porous graphitic materials obtained from carbonization of organic xerogels doped with transition metal salts

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Preparation of hollow carbon nanocages by iodine-assisted heat treatment

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH4Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH4Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential of Pt-Ru Supported Carbon Nanocage (CNC) Electrocatalystfor Future DMFC

Porous graphitic materials obtained from carbonization of organic xerogels doped with transition metal salts

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A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH₄Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment

A General Strategy for the Preparation of Hollow Carbon Nanocages by NH₄Cl‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Heat Treatment