Preparation ofCitrus reticulatapeel nano‐encapsulated essential oil and in vitro assessment of its biological properties

Abstract

Dental caries is the most common biofilm‐dependent oral disease. Streptococcus mutans is among the main microorganisms responsible for the development of dental caries. Nano‐suspension of Citrus reticulata (tangerine) peel essential oil in 0.5% (v/v) concentration was prepared and its antibacterial effect on S. mutans in planktonic and biofilm forms as well as its cytotoxic and antioxidant effects were assessed and compared with chlorhexidine (CHX). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of free essential oil, nano‐encapsulated essential oil, and CHX was 5.6% (v/v), 0.0005% (v/v), and 0.0002% (w/v), respectively. The percentage of biofilm inhibition by the free essential oil, nano‐encapsulated essential oil, and CHX at half‐MIC was 67.3%, 24%, and 90.6%, respectively. The nano‐encapsulated essential oil had no cytotoxicity and showed significant antioxidant effects in different concentrations. Nano‐encapsulation of tangerine peel essential oil significantly enhanced its biological activities in much lower concentrations than the free essential oil (11,000 times diluted). It also showed lower cytotoxicity and higher antibiofilm effects in sub‐MICs compared with CHX, indicating the optimal potential of tangerine nano‐encapsulated essential oil for incorporation in the composition of organic antibacterial and antioxidant mouth rinses.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Lyophilized Cell-Free Probiotic Supernatants of Three Lactobacillus spp. and Their Cytocompatibility Against Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

“…To investigate and compare the effect of 24- and 48-hour acidic and neutral LCFSs derived from three Lactobacillus probiotic bacteria (in concentrations from 0% (control) to 50% (v/v)) on the survival and proliferation of PDLSCs, the MTT colorimetric test was used ( 13 ). On the first day of the study, a 96-well plate (SPL Life Sciences, Korea) was seeded with 3,500 cells/well in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Gibco, UK) and incubated in a humidified incubator for 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C and 5% CO 2 .…”

“…To investigate the antioxidant activity of LCFSs (24- and 48-hour LCFSs prepared in both acidic and neutral pH) with a concentration of 5% (v/v) (obtained from the MTT test), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant test was used ( 13 ). First, a 5% (v/v) concentration of LCFS, a 1 mM concentration of a vitamin C solution (positive control), and a 0.1 mM concentration of DPPH (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were prepared in absolute ethanol.…”