Preparation of Galla Chinensis Oral Solution as well as Its Stability, Safety, and Antidiarrheal Activity Evaluation

Abstract

Background of the Study As a widely used traditional medicine, Galla Chinensis is rich in tannins. However, there are few detailed studies about pharmaceutical preparations of Galla Chinensis tannin extract (GTE). In the present experiments, for better application and to investigate the possibility that Galla Chinensis tannin extract can be used as an antidiarrheal drug, we prepared Galla Chinensis oral solution (GOS). Materials and Methods GOS was prepared with GTE, and its physicochemical and microbiological stability was evaluated. The oral acute toxicity of GOS was calculated by the 50% lethal dose (LD50). The antidiarrheal activity was determined in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice through diarrhea symptoms, fluid accumulation ratio, and percentage of distance moved by charcoal meal. Results The tannin content of GTE was 47.75%. GOS could endure a high temperature without a significant decrease of tannin content. After storage for six months, the tannin content of GOS was still more than 90%. GOS was determined to be nontoxic. Meanwhile, GOS showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice (P < 0.01). Conclusion The results suggested that GOS is an effective and stable antidiarrheal drug that can be used to complement other therapies.

Tannic acid prevents post-weaning diarrhea by improving intestinal barrier integrity and function in weaned piglets

“…TA has been reported as a potential treatment for diarrhea in rats [31]. Moreover, Galla Chinensis extract (rich in TA) also played an anti-diarrhea role in castor oil and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT)-induced diarrhea models in mice [9,32]. Our experimental results showed that dietary supplementation of 0.2% or 1.0% TA significantly reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets, which is consistent with previous research results.…”

“…Interestingly, some recent studies have shown that dietary TA has no effect or has some beneficial effect on the nutrient digestibility and growth performance of animals, which is contrary to the previous public cognition of TA [7,8]. In addition, many medicinal plants with effect on mitigating diarrhea have revealed the presence of TA, like Gallnut contains massive TA, which even can reach 50-70% of its weight [9]. Subsequently, the anti-diarrhea, anti-oxidation, microbial homeostasis regulation and other effects of TA have been found one after another, which have attracted extensive attention of animal nutritionists [4,10].…”

“…TA has a strong convergence effect in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and poultry, which slows down intestinal peristalsis, strengthens colonic water and electrolyte reabsorption, and further alleviates the occurrence of diarrhea [9,11]. Moreover, TA has been proved to improve intestinal damage, increase villus height [12] and reduce crypt depth [13], thus improving the integrity of intestinal morphology and structure.…”

Tannins extract from Galla Chinensis can protect mice from infection by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O101

“…The extraction process of tannins and preparation of Galla chinensis oral solution (GOS) was described in our previous report [ 21 ]. Briefly, tannins from Galla chinensis were extracted by boiling water, and purified by removal of impurities through chloroform extraction and ethylacetate extraction, respectively.…”

“…In our previous study, tannins extracted from Galla Chinensis were prepared as oral solution (GOS), which contained the tannins extract, purified water, appropriate sweeteners and antioxidant. We found that tannins extract showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice [ 21 ]. The acute toxicity study showed that the GOS is safe under the dose of 2500 mg/kg, and the LD 50 is 3247.47 mg/kg (Unpublished data).…”