1978
DOI: 10.2307/1589643
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Preparation of Inactivated Oil-Emulsion Vaccines with Avian Viral or Mycoplasma Antigens

Abstract: The influence of the composition of water-in-oil emulsions on their physical characteristics was determined by preparing experimental emulsions with various water-to-oil ratios and various emulsifiers. Emulsions containing Tween 80 in the aqueous phase and Arlacel A or Arlacel 80 in the oil phase were lower in viscosity than emulsions containing only an oil-phase emulsifier. Viscosity decreased as the concentration of oil increased. Oil-emulsion vaccines prepared with aqueous- and oil-phase emulsifiers had low… Show more

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Cited by 81 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…Parenterally inoculated antigens contained in mineral oil adjuvant generally stimulate higher and more persistent antibody titres than equivalent amounts of antigen inoculated without adjuvant (Becher, 1957;Zanella, 1969;Philips, 1973;Stone et al, 1978). Our results with AIV vaccines support this observation.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…Parenterally inoculated antigens contained in mineral oil adjuvant generally stimulate higher and more persistent antibody titres than equivalent amounts of antigen inoculated without adjuvant (Becher, 1957;Zanella, 1969;Philips, 1973;Stone et al, 1978). Our results with AIV vaccines support this observation.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…Zootec., v.64, n.6, p.1569-1576, 2012 drop wise and mixed over a two minute period. The suspension was then mixed at high speed for 30 seconds (Stone et al, 1978). Batches were prepared in an increasing order of protein concentration.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Briefly, one part aqueous antigen was emulsified in four parts oil phase, which contained 36 ml Drakeol 6 VR pharmaceutical grade mineral oil (Penreco, Karns City, PA), 3 ml Arlacel 80 (7.5% sorbitan mono-oleate, Sigma-Aldrich), and 1 ml Tween 80 (2.5% polysorbate, Sigma-Aldrich). Vaccines were homogenized using a Waring blender with the following mixing speeds: 1 min on low speed, 1 min rest, 1 min on low speed, 1 min rest, and 30 s on high speed [24]. Vaccines were incubated for 1 h at 37 • C and stored at 4 • C until use.…”
Section: Lemna-derived Ha Vaccinementioning
confidence: 99%