Preparation of Insensitive RDX by Suspension Spray Technology and Its Characterization

Xiang, Yan; Li, Xiao Dong; Zhou, Peng; Ji, Wei; Shi, Xiao

doi:10.22211/cejem/109742

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Philip Kneisl and Karri A. Brock modified the surface of RDX by recrystallization of RDX using two solvents to increase the sphericity of RDX crystals for reducing sensitivity [ 20 ]. Xiang Yan et al modified RDX by suspension spray technology using Estane 5703 as a binder [ 21 ]. Xue-Xue Zhang et al modified high explosives by crystallization for particle size and morphology tuning [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Flowing Polymer-Bonded Powder Composition of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine Using Solvent–Slurry Coating

Khan,

Ahsan,

Farrukh

et al. 2024

Polymers

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A number of coating techniques have been used to improve the processability of high explosives. These techniques are typically used for developing compositions, such as boosters and fillers. The most typically used technique is the “solvent–slurry coating”. Several compositions of polymer-bonded explosives have been industrialized using this technique. The NUPC-6 polymer-bonded powder composition of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine is optimized using the solvent–slurry coating. It involved multiple processes, i.e., preparing a slurry of high explosives in an aqueous phase, dissolving the modified polymer binder in an organic solvent, maintaining both the solvent and slurry at controlled temperatures, introducing polymer binder solution and ingredients in the slurry, distilling the solvent, mixing contents homogeneously, filtering the polymer-coated hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine composition, and drying in a vacuum oven. The phlegmatizing and hydrophobic agents enhance flowability and hydrophobicity. The mass flow rate, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, and Hausner ratio are determined to evaluate its flowability during filling operations. The results show that the composition is flowable using a filling funnel, with a 150 mm upper diameter, 25 mm flow diameter, and 136 mm total funnel height. The raw polymer binder was modified using diisooctylsebacate and SAE-10 oil. The additives in the composition enhance its flowability, and it might be used in underwater applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Flowing Polymer-Bonded Powder Composition of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine Using Solvent–Slurry Coating

Khan,

Ahsan,

Farrukh

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…It was found that, after refining particle size, the impact sensitivity is decreased, and the maximum detonation velocity is above 95% of the theoretical one. Yan et al [5] prepared a new insensitive and high energy explosive, based on RDX (e-RDX), by suspension spray technology, using…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Combustion Characteristics of Insensitive Triple-Base Propellant

et al. 2023

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Research on combustion characteristics can provide basic information and theoretical support for the design of insensitive propellant. This work aims to investigate the combustion characteristics of insensitive triple-base propellant. All propellants were prepared based on same triple-base propellant, but they were desensitized with the same desensitizer in different ways. The high-speed camera, spontaneous luminescence, NO, NH chemiluminescence, and OH-planar laser induction fluorescence (PLIF) methods were employed to capture the combustion flame and derive the distributions of important intermediates. Results show that ignition delay times of insensitive propellants are obviously longer. This indicated that the application of the desensitizer has a partly hindering effect on the early ignition stage. The combustion time of insensitive propellants is mostly similar, which means that the desensitizer has little influence on the intensity of actual combustion. The change in flame height and area of insensitive propellants over time indicated that the combustion progressivity of some insensitive propellants was more prominent, which means that the desensitizer concentration and desensitizing methods all affect the performance of insensitive propellant. The signal intensities of NO and NH show a negative correlation, indicating that a competitive relationship probably exists between the formation of NO and NH radicals during the reaction process. The high concentration of OH mainly locates outside NO, suggesting that there may be a transformation between NO and OH. The maximum signal intensity of NO and NH of different insensitive propellants confirmed that both the concentration of desensitizers and the desensitizing methods exhibit important effect on the reaction process.

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“…Common refining methods include anti‐solvent injection [5], spray drying [6–9], supercritical RESS [10–12], supercritical SAS [13, 14], and physical ball milling, among others. Coating methods include coating by water suspension [15–20], coating by a supercritical fluid [11, 21–28], coating by spray drying [29, 30], and coating by ball milling [31, 32]. The disadvantages of the two‐step process include high complexity, difficult process control, multi‐core capsules, irregular particle shapes, and uneven wall thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Research of Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids to Prepare Energetic Material Nano‐Capsules

Yang

Xing-wang

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Nano‐capsule energetic materials can improve the mechanical properties, combustion/explosion properties, and component compatibility of solid propellants and reduce their toxicity, water absorption capacity, and sensitivity. The following approaches have been performed to obtain nano‐capsule energetic materials. First, the structure of solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) core device (nozzle and hanging basket) were modified to improve the atomization performance, eliminate the vortex, and avoid the repeated growth of crystals. The ultrafine RDX particles with average particle size of 705 nm and distribution range of 400–1200 nm were prepared by using the improved devices. Second, the optimal process parameters for the preparation of ultrafine RDX by SEDS were obtained. Reducing the solution concentration or the supercritical CO2 temperature will be beneficial to obtain dry RDX particles with smaller particle sizes. When the solution concentration ratio was 10 g (RDX)/100 mL (DMF), the temperature of supercritical CO2 was 35 °C, and the flow rate ratio of supercritical CO2 to solution was greater than 10 (kg/h): 2 (ml/min), the experiment results were good. Third, to facilitate the detection of shell elements, fluororubber (F26) and RDX were used as raw materials to prepare nano‐capsules. Transmission electron microscopy image showed that the RDX‐F26 particles featured a core‐shell structure with diameters that ranged between 200 nm and 300 nm, spherical shape, and uniform wall thickness. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the core was RDX, the shell was F26, and the thickness of the shell was 14.6 nm. As the capsule wall material, the F26 also inhibited the overgrowth of RDX crystal in the course of crystallization successfully. Sensitivity analysis showed that the RDX‐F26 nano‐capsules had lower impact and friction sensitivities than the refined RDX. These results show that the use of improved SEDS process is suitable for the preparation of energetic material microcapsules.

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Preparation of Insensitive RDX by Suspension Spray Technology and Its Characterization

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Free-Flowing Polymer-Bonded Powder Composition of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine Using Solvent–Slurry Coating

Free-Flowing Polymer-Bonded Powder Composition of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine Using Solvent–Slurry Coating

A Study on Combustion Characteristics of Insensitive Triple-Base Propellant

Process Research of Solution‐Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids to Prepare Energetic Material Nano‐Capsules

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