Preparation of Intumescent Fire Protective Coating for Fire Rated Timber Door

Yin, Jessica Jong Kwang; Yew, Ming Chian; Yew, Ming Kun; Saw, Lip Huat

doi:10.3390/coatings9110738

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…61,62 Furthermore, the release of moisture trapped in the pores of the EP provides a cooling effect during combustion and dilutes the combustible gases. 27 Figure 6 also gives the effect of ZB incorporation on the LOI value of ABS/EP10 composite. The addition of 1 phr of ZB resulted in an increase in the LOI value from 27.8% to 28.5%, while this value decreased slightly with increasing ZB amount, and an LOI value of 27% was obtained for ABS/EP10/ZB-5 composite containing 5 phr ZB.…”

Section: Flammability Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides that, EP can absorb moisture to varying degrees due to its highly porous structure, and during combustion, the released moisture provides a cooling effect to the matrix, extending the fire duration. 27 In addition, EP generates no toxic gases during the fire and exhibits satisfactory smokesuppression properties. 26 So, these features can make EP favorable as a flame retardant additive, but little attention has been paid to its use in polymer composite manufacturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The potential use of natural expanded perlite as a flame retardant additive for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based composites

Çelen,

Balçik Tamer,

Berber

2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This study aimed to reveal the effect of expanded perlite (EP) additive as a flame retardant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer based composites. Before composite preparation, fine powdered EP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Also, maleic anhydride grafted ABS (MAH‐g‐ABS) with a grafting degree of 3.9 wt% was synthesized and used as a polymeric compatibilizer. ABS/EP composites with different ratios of EP were prepared by a continuous one‐step melt mixing method. Thermogravimetric and morphological analysis, tensile tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 vertical burning tests of the composite materials were investigated. EP significantly decreased the decomposition rate of ABS and promoted char formation. EP provided a UL‐94 V‐1 flammability rating with great fire resistance and self‐extinguishing properties to the ABS matrix without any melt dripping. The LOI of ABS was greatly improved, reaching a value of 28.5% by adding only 5 phr EP. Zinc borate (ZB) also played a significant role in enhancing thermal stability and flame retardancy by creating a good synergism with EP. The composite containing 5 phr ZB showed a flame retardant grade of UL‐94 V‐0 and an LOI value of 27.5%.Highlights Flame retardant ABS/EP composites were successfully prepared by melt mixing. The EP ratio of 10 phr provided the highest resistance to flammability. ZB showed good synergy with EP in enhancing the flame retardancy of ABS. ABS/EP10/ZB‐5 composite had a UL‐94 V‐0 rating with an LOI value of 27.0%. This study proved the potential use of natural EP as a flame retardant filler.

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Section: Flammability Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential use of natural expanded perlite as a flame retardant additive for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based composites

Çelen,

Balçik Tamer,

Berber

2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…For a preliminary assessment of the resistance of a coating against the influence of external factors, it would suffice to determine the degree of maintaining the fire-protective efficiency under the conditions of high humidity. According to many researchers [3,5,21], it is the washing out of soluble components from IC by water that is the most common cause of the loss of fire-protective effect of reactive coatings. However, information about studies into the effects of water on the destruction of intumescent-type coatings is limited and not systematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effect of nanoclays on the water-resistance of intumescent fire-retardant coatings

Vakhitova

Кalafat

Plavan

et al. 2021

EEJET

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This paper reports a study into the effect of nanoclays on the water-resistance of the intumescent system ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/pentaerythritol/titanium dioxide/polymer (ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or styrene acrylate (SA). It has been established that adding nanoclay to a coating based on ethylene vinyl acetate increases the fire resistance limit of a metal plate by 30 %, and to a coating based on styrene acrylate – by 50 %. At the same time, coatings that include the EVA polymer are characterized by greater fire-retardant efficiency and less water resistance than coatings containing the SA polymer. It has been shown that intumescent coatings, regardless of the nature of the polymer, under the conditions of 80 % humidity over 800 days their reduce fire-protective properties by an average of 10 %. The loss of coating fire resistance occurs due to the leaching of pentaerythritol, ammonium polyphosphate, and polymer degradation by hydrolysis. The admixtures of nanoclays with a high degree of exfoliation to the studied system create a barrier effect and maximize the chemical formulation of the intumescent coating. The fireproof properties of coatings with organically-modified montmorillonite admixtures are maintained or reduced to 5 % under the conditions of 80 % humidity over 800 days. It has been determined that the direct effect of water on the coating over a period of more than 2 days leads to a significant decrease in the swelling coefficient of intumescent coatings, regardless of the content of a nanoclay admixture in their composition. At the same time, the half-decay period of coatings without nanoclay, calculated on the basis of solubility constant in water, is 0.5 days. For coatings, which include the admixtures of organically-modified nanoclays, the half-decay period increases to 2 days. The results reported in this paper could be recommended for designing water-proof fire-resistant reactive-type nano-coatings with prolonged service life.

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“…Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) generates phosphoric acids (during its thermal degradation), which react with pentaerythritol (PER) and form an expanded carbon structure at a high temperature. At the temperature above 350 °C, melamine (MEL) releases non-flammable gases foaming the charred layer [3][4][5][6]. The char exhibits barrier and thermal insulation properties, thus it hinders mass (and heat) exchange between the environment and the covered steel substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, titanium dioxide increases mechanical strength of the chars [8][9][10][11][12]. Additionally, researches pay the attention to systems with nanofillers [1, 7,13,14], waste polymers [15] and bio-fillers [3,[16][17][18]. In a few cases, boron compounds (mainly zinc borate such as 2ZnO•3B2O3•3.5H2O) have been used as flame retardants in ICs and as modifiers of the mechanical properties of charred layers [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the B:Zn:H2O Molar Ratio on the Properties of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) and Zinc Borate-Based Intumescent Coating Materials Exposed to a Quasi-Real Cellulosic Fire

et al. 2020

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In order to investigate an influence of the B:Zn:H2O molar ratio on the fire protection efficiency of poly(vinyl acetate)-based thermoplastic intumescent coating materials (ICs), systems containing ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol and different types of zinc borates (ZBs) were tested in a vertical position in quasi-real fire conditions. 3ZnO·2B2O3·6H2O (ZB6), 2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O (ZB3.5) or 3ZnO·2B2O3 (ZB0) were added in amounts of 1–10 wt. parts/100 wt. parts of the other coating components mixture. Char formation processes and thermal insulation features were investigated using an open-flame furnace heated according to the cellulosic fire curve. Thermogravimetric features (DTG), chemical structures (FTIR) and mechanical strength of the ICs and the chars were analyzed as well. It was revealed that the type and dose of the ZBs significantly affect thermal insulation time (TIT) (up to 450 °C of a steel substrate) and sagging (SI) of the fire-heated coatings as well as the compressive strength of the created chars. The highest TIT value (+89%) was noted for the sample with 2.5 wt. parts of ZB3.5 while the lowest SI (−65%) was observed for the coatings containing 10 wt. parts of the hydrated borates (i.e., ZB3.5 or ZB6). The best mechanical strength was registered for the sample filled with the anhydrous modifier (3 wt. parts of ZB0). The presented results show that the ICs with the proper ZBs can be used for effective fire protection of vertically positioned steel elements.

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Preparation of Intumescent Fire Protective Coating for Fire Rated Timber Door

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

The potential use of natural expanded perlite as a flame retardant additive for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based composites

The potential use of natural expanded perlite as a flame retardant additive for acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based composites

Comparing the effect of nanoclays on the water-resistance of intumescent fire-retardant coatings

Effect of the B:Zn:H2O Molar Ratio on the Properties of Poly(Vinyl Acetate) and Zinc Borate-Based Intumescent Coating Materials Exposed to a Quasi-Real Cellulosic Fire

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