As China's oil consumption continues to increase, the amount of oily sludge generated increases yearly. Aiming at the limitations of the traditional oil-containing sludge treatment technology, supercritical water is used to dissolve and convert organic components into hydrogen for hydrogen energy recovery to realize the reduction, harmlessness, and resourcefulness of the oily sludge treatment. The influences of reaction temperature, pressure, time, material ratio, and other parameters on hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification of oily sludge were experimentally examined. Results indicated that hydrogen yield increases with increased response temperature, pressure, and time, and hydrogen yield decreases with increased response mass ratio.