Preparation of KOH/CaO/C Supported Biodiesel Catalyst and Application Process

Zhang, Jianwei; Meng, Qingming

doi:10.4236/wjet.2014.23020

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…44 However, there was a declining trend in the catalytic activity after 5 h of reaction time since the longer the reaction time, the higher the amount of products that would be absorbed by the catalyst, thus yielding more by-products. 45,46 More importantly, this study endured a shorter reaction time for the reaction to be completed than that reported by Nakatani et al The authors reported less than 80% of biodiesel yield only after 5 h of reaction. 42…”

Section: Effects Of Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 59%

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Biodiesel Synthesis through Methanolysis of Palm Olein Using Calcium Oxide Catalyst Derived from Staghorn Coral

Zul¹,

Ganesan²,

Hussin³

2020

JPS

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This study explored the synthesis of a heterogeneous catalyst derived from staghorn coral where it was utilised to convert palm olein into methyl esters through transesterification process. The prepared catalyst was characterised by various methods, namely Hammett indicator method, benzoic acid titration method, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-N 2 adsorption analysis, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the results acquired from ATR-FTIR and XRD analyses, it was evident that staghorn coral was converted into calcium oxide (CaO) upon thermal activation at 900°C. The impacts of catalyst loading, reaction time and methanol/oil molar ratio on biodiesel content were investigated to determine the optimum reaction conditions. The methyl esters content of 62.07% was achieved under optimised parameters comprising 6 wt% catalyst loading, reaction time of 4 h and methanol to oil molar ratio of 15:1. All in all, despite the low percentage of biodiesel production, staghorn coral has shown to be a potent catalyst and its catalytic ability could be improved to a whole new level through further modifications.

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Section: Effects Of Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 59%

“…Journal of Physical Science, Vol. 31(1),[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] 2020 …”

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Biodiesel Synthesis through Methanolysis of Palm Olein Using Calcium Oxide Catalyst Derived from Staghorn Coral

Zul¹,

Ganesan²,

Hussin³

2020

JPS

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“…For CaO catalyst, the reaction reached its optimum value (62.07 ± 4.30%) after 4 h of reaction time (Supplementary material Figure S5b). The reaction rate dropped drastically when reaction time was increased to 6 h since more by-products and soap were produced due the extended reaction time (Eevera et al 2009;Freedman et al 1984;Leung & Guo 2006;Zhang & Meng 2014). Meanwhile, other studies by Birla et al (2012) and Boro et al (2011) required 8 h and 6 h of reaction time in order to obtain the complete reaction, which is a much longer than the time needed in this study.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

Application of K-Impregnated Staghorn Coral as Catalyst in the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

Zul¹,

Ganesan²,

Hussin³

2019

JSM

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This work focuses on the catalytic potential of K-impregnated staghorn coral as a catalyst in methyl esters production via methanolysis of waste cooking oil (WCO). The prepared catalyst was analyzed by Hammett indicators, XRF, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-N2 adsorption method, ATR-FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM to determine its physicochemical properties. ATR-FTIR and XRD results confirmed the formation of K 2 O species upon KOH impregnation, thus, resulting in good catalytic activity. Reaction parameters such as methanol to oil ratio, reaction time and amount of catalyst were evaluated to find out the best conditions for the transesterification process. About 89.51 ± 4.78 % of biodiesel contents were obtained under the optimum conditions.

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“…Ali et al, [41] obtained 84% biodiesel yield from transesterification of waste cooking oil using calcined goat bones as catalysts. One major problem associated with the use of heterogeneous catalyst is its low surface area, but this can usually be increased by supporting it with compounds such as activated carbon or nanotubes or impregnating it with base solution [31,32,42,43] However, activated carbon is preferred as heterogeneous catalyst supporter because of its large surface area and its ease of separation from the product [42,44]. Hadiyanto et al, [32] obtained a 95% biodiesel yield using heterogeneous synthesized from green mussel shells calcined at 900 o C for 3hrs supported with activated carbon and impregnated in concentrated sodium hydroxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel from a Novel Combination of Raphia Africana Kernel Oil and Turtle Shell (Centrochelys Sulcata) Heterogenous Catalyst

Orugba

Oghenejoboh

et al. 2021

J. Hum. Earth Future

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This work investigated the viability of a non-edible oil obtained from raphia africana in the production of biodiesel using a novel heterogeneous catalyst derived from turtle shells (Centrochelys sulcata). The study also proposed the use of acetone as co-solvent to enhance the solubility of the reacting mixtures. The turtle shells were calcined at 900oC for 3hr, impregnated in KOH to improve its activity and then supported with activated carbon produced from cassava peels to increase its surface area. The influences of KOH concentration, catalyst loading, catalyst/carbon mix ratio and concentration of acetone/methanol on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. The results obtained revealed that maximum biodiesel yield of 93% was obtained from the bio-oil at KOH concentration of 30% (w/w), catalyst loading of 6.5%, solvent/methanol ratio of 0.4 and catalyst/carbon weight ratio of 1.25. The activated carbon supported turtle shell catalyst has been found to possess very high catalytic activity converting bio-oil with high saturated fatty acid content to biodiesel with excellent fuel properties having low saturated fatty acids profile. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2021-02-03-07 Full Text: PDF

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Preparation of KOH/CaO/C Supported Biodiesel Catalyst and Application Process

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Biodiesel Synthesis through Methanolysis of Palm Olein Using Calcium Oxide Catalyst Derived from Staghorn Coral

Biodiesel Synthesis through Methanolysis of Palm Olein Using Calcium Oxide Catalyst Derived from Staghorn Coral

Application of K-Impregnated Staghorn Coral as Catalyst in the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

Production of Biodiesel from a Novel Combination of Raphia Africana Kernel Oil and Turtle Shell (Centrochelys Sulcata) Heterogenous Catalyst

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