“…The diameter is, however, similar to that of the GQDs (51.9 nm) prepared by the same oxidation and hydrothermal treatment method in our group [40]. The MGQDs are identifiable in both the conventional and high resolution TEM images in dark contrast ( Figure 2A1-2A2, 3A) on the amorphous carbon film support due to the presence of high density IO (4.9 -5.2 g cm -3 for magnetite [41]) within the MGQDs as well as mass-thickness contrast, similar to the identification of IO on GO-IO reported in the literature [9]. Under HR-TEM, a region of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) within an MGQD ( Figure 3B) can be identified by the (400) lattice spacing ~0.227 nm [42], with a similar region of magnetite in Figure 3C, 3D and 3E identifiable by the (220) lattice spacing of ~0.345 nm [42,43].…”