Preparation of macrocellular PU–PS interpenetrating networks

Lépine, Olivier; Birot, Marc; Deleuze, Hervé

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.067

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Altering compositional and processing parameters results in monoliths with a range of pore sizes, porosities, pore morphologies (open vs. closed), compressive properties, and cure times. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, a major challenge in designing functional bone grafts is determining a material composition that promotes ingrowth of surrounding bone and proliferation of cells (osteoconduction), the differentiation of progenitor cells down an osteoblastic lineage (osteoinduction), and osseointegration with the native bone. Various scaffold chemistries and bioactive agents are currently being studied to determine a matrix that presents cues to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and promote integration and healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoinductive PolyHIPE Foams as Injectable Bone Grafts

Robinson

McEnery

Pearce

et al. 2016

Tissue Engineering Part A

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We have recently fabricated biodegradable polyHIPEs as injectable bone grafts and characterized the mechanical properties, pore architecture, and cure rates. In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particles were incorporated into injectable polyHIPE foams to promote osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Upon incorporation of each type of particle, stable monoliths were formed with compressive properties comparable to control polyHIPEs. Pore size quantification indicated a negligible effect of all particles on emulsion stability and resulting pore architecture. Alizarin red calcium staining illustrated the incorporation of calcium phosphate particles at the pore surface, while picrosirius red collagen staining illustrated collagen-rich DBM particles within the monoliths. Osteoinductive particles had a negligible effect on the compressive modulus (*30 MPa), which remained comparable to human cancellous bone values. All polyHIPE compositions promoted human MSC viability (*90%) through 2 weeks. Furthermore, gene expression analysis indicated the ability of all polyHIPE compositions to promote osteogenic differentiation through the upregulation of bone-specific markers compared to a time zero control. These findings illustrate the potential for these osteoinductive polyHIPEs to promote osteogenesis and validate future in vivo evaluation. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability to incorporate a range of bioactive components into propylene fumarate dimethacrylatebased injectable polyHIPEs to increase cellular interactions and direct specific behavior without compromising scaffold architecture and resulting properties for various tissue engineering applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoinductive PolyHIPE Foams as Injectable Bone Grafts

Robinson

McEnery

Pearce

et al. 2016

Tissue Engineering Part A

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“…Biodegradability was achieved by substituting in unsaturated polyesters; however, the macromers studied were often too viscous to form HIPEs without the use of a toxic diluent, such as toluene. 27, 36, 40–41 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable PolyHIPEs as High-Porosity Bone Grafts

et al. 2011

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Polymerization of high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) is a relatively new method for the production of high porosity scaffolds. The tunable architecture of these polyHIPE foams make them attractive candidates for tissue engineered bone grafts. Previously studied polyHIPE systems require either toxic diluents or high cure temperatures which prohibit their use as an injectable bone graft. In contrast, we have developed an injectable polyHIPE that cures at physiological temperatures to a rigid, high-porosity foam. First, a biodegradable macromer, propylene fumarate dimethacrylate (PFDMA), was synthesized that has appropriate viscosity and hydrophobicity for emulsification. The process of surfactant selection is detailed with particular focus on the key structural features of both polymer (log P values, hydrogen bond acceptor sites) and surfactant (HLB values, hydrogen bond donor sites) that enable stable HIPE formation. Incubation of HIPEs at 37°C was used to initiate radical crosslinking of the unsaturated double bond of the methacrylate groups to polymerize the continuous phase and lock in the emulsion geometry. The resulting polyHIPEs exhibited ~75% porosity, pore sizes ranging from 4 to 29 μm, and an average compressive modulus and strength of 33 and 5 MPa, respectively. These findings highlight the great potential of these scaffolds as injectable, tissue engineered bone grafts.

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“…Incorporating other particles, such as carbon nanotubes [22,23], titania [24], nanoclay [25] and magnetic particles [26,27], have also been explored. Emulsion templated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)/polyurethane interpenetrated polymer networks were synthesised by L epine et al [28]. Their elastic moduli were up to 4.3 times higher than those of macroporous poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%