Preparation of magnetic latexes functionalized with chloromethyl groups via emulsifier-free miniemulsion polymerization

Tailored composite polymer–metal nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization and thiol‐ene functionalization

“…Typically, the dispersibility of inorganic nanoparticles is enhanced through the attachment of hydrophobic ligands,34, 36, 37, 39, 41 and for the present case of gold, a variety of procedures have been developed for synthesis of hydrophobic nanoparticles,5, 9, 11, 25, 48, 56 a small number of which give particularly well-defined particles, with low size polydispersity 25, 48, 57. These procedures typically employ a non-polymeric surface stabilizing group—typically a long-chain alkyl amine or thiol.…”

Surface modification of polyacrylonitrile based ultrafiltration membrane

“…Gold nanoparticles (average diameter 13 nm) were chosen as a model inorganic for this work, in view of their broad potential for use in device applications and simplified visualization by TEM 2. Previous composite miniemulsion polymerizations reported in the literature have typically been carried out on a scale that required an inorganic component of the order of ∼1 g. In contrast to the inorganic nanoparticles used in these prior studies—e.g., titania,30, 31 magnetite, and34–37 silica40, 41—which are readily purchased or prepared in multi‐gram amounts, gold nanoparticles are typically prepared on a scale of ∼10 mg per 100 mL of solvent 47. This is a likely reason why miniemulsion composite polymers encapsulating gold nanoparticles have not yet been reported.…”

“…A critical issue in composite miniemulsion polymerization is the successful dispersion of the inorganic material in the monomer emulsion droplets, as the quality of dispersion affects both the maximum obtainable inorganic content and the desired homogeneous distribution of inorganic material among the resulting particles. Typically, the dispersibility of inorganic nanoparticles is enhanced through the attachment of hydrophobic ligands,34, 36, 37, 39, 41 and for the present case of gold, a variety of procedures have been developed for synthesis of hydrophobic nanoparticles,5, 9, 11, 25, 48, 56 a small number of which give particularly well‐defined particles, with low size polydispersity 25, 48, 57. These procedures typically use a nonpolymeric surface stabilizing group—typically a long‐chain alkyl amine or thiol.…”

“…This simple method, which uses predominantly commercially available reagents, is appealing when compared with block copolymer self‐assembly methods. Various literature reports describe the use of miniemulsion polymerization to prepare composite particles based on titania,29–31 calcium carbonate,32 magnetite,33–37 carbon black,38 alumina,39 silica,40, 41 zinc oxide,42 and yttrium oxysulfide 43. However, in these cases, the composite particles formed were subject to a variety of challenges: low inorganic content, inhomogeneous distribution of inorganic material, incomplete encapsulation of inorganic material, and large populations of pure (noncomposite) polymer particles.…”

Development of Fe3O4-poly(l-lactide) magnetic microparticles in supercritical CO2

“…Conventional methods for introducing magnetic nanoparticles into polymer microparticles can be divided into three classes [15,16]: (1) coating the magnetic nanoparticles directly by polymer, such as emulsion-solvent evaporation [17]; (2) filling the magnetic nanoparticles into porous presynthesized polymer microparticles, such as swelling [18]; (3) dispersing the magnetic nanoparticles during the synthesis of polymer microparticles, such as suspension [19], dispersion [20], emulsion [21] and mini/micro-emulsion [22,23] polymerization in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles.…”